Commit a397dd83 authored by Jacek Furmankiewicz's avatar Jacek Furmankiewicz

fixing docs

parent 5d6ad6f6
# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
#
# You can set these variables from the command line.
SPHINXOPTS =
SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build
PAPER =
BUILDDIR = build
# Internal variables.
PAPEROPT_a4 = -D latex_paper_size=a4
PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter
ALLSPHINXOPTS = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) source
# the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
I18NSPHINXOPTS = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) source
.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest gettext
help:
@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
@echo " html to make standalone HTML files"
@echo " dirhtml to make HTML files named index.html in directories"
@echo " singlehtml to make a single large HTML file"
@echo " pickle to make pickle files"
@echo " json to make JSON files"
@echo " htmlhelp to make HTML files and a HTML help project"
@echo " qthelp to make HTML files and a qthelp project"
@echo " devhelp to make HTML files and a Devhelp project"
@echo " epub to make an epub"
@echo " latex to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter"
@echo " latexpdf to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex"
@echo " text to make text files"
@echo " man to make manual pages"
@echo " texinfo to make Texinfo files"
@echo " info to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo"
@echo " gettext to make PO message catalogs"
@echo " changes to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items"
@echo " linkcheck to check all external links for integrity"
@echo " doctest to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)"
clean:
-rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
html:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
dirhtml:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml."
singlehtml:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml."
pickle:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle
@echo
@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files."
json:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json
@echo
@echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files."
htmlhelp:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp
@echo
@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp."
qthelp:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp
@echo
@echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \
".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:"
@echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/CorePost.qhcp"
@echo "To view the help file:"
@echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/CorePost.qhc"
devhelp:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp
@echo
@echo "Build finished."
@echo "To view the help file:"
@echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/CorePost"
@echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/CorePost"
@echo "# devhelp"
epub:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub."
latex:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
@echo
@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \
"(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)."
latexpdf:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
@echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..."
$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf
@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
text:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text."
man:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man."
texinfo:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The Texinfo files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo" \
"(use \`make info' here to do that automatically)."
info:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
@echo "Running Texinfo files through makeinfo..."
make -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info
@echo "makeinfo finished; the Info files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
gettext:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b gettext $(I18NSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/locale
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The message catalogs are in $(BUILDDIR)/locale."
changes:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes
@echo
@echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes."
linkcheck:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck
@echo
@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
"or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt."
doctest:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest
@echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \
"results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt."
# Sphinx build info version 1
# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done.
config: 85f542c5812a83c65e62d87283293d45
tags: fbb0d17656682115ca4d033fb2f83ba1
Argument validation
===================
CorePost integrates the popular 'formencode' package to implement form and query argument validation.
Validators can be specified using a *formencode* Schema object, or via custom field-specific validators.
Example::
from corepost.web import validate, route
from corepost.enums import Http
from formencode import Schema, validators
class TestSchema(Schema):
allow_extra_fields = True
childId = validators.Regex(regex="^value1|value2$")
class MyApp():
@route("/validate/<int:rootId>/schema",Http.POST)
@validate(schema=TestSchema())
def postValidateSchema(self,request,rootId,childId,**kwargs):
'''Validate using a common schema'''
return "%s - %s - %s" % (rootId,childId,kwargs)
@route("/validate/<int:rootId>/custom",Http.POST)
@validate(childId=validators.Regex(regex="^value1|value2$"))
def postValidateCustom(self,request,rootId,childId,**kwargs):
'''Validate using argument-specific validators'''
return "%s - %s - %s" % (rootId,childId,kwargs)
Please see the *FormEncode* documentation:
http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/Validator.html
for list of available validators:
* Common : http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/validators.html#module-formencode.validators
* National : http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/national.html#module-formencode.national
Asynchronous Operations
=======================
@defer.inlineCallbacks support
------------------------------
If you want a deferred async method, just use *defer.returnValue()*::
@route("/",Http.GET)
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def root(self,request,**kwargs):
val1 = yield db.query("SELECT ....")
val2 = yield db.query("SELECT ....")
defer.returnValue(val1 + val2)
This is standard Twisted functionality.
Content types
=============
CorePost integrates support for JSON, YAML and XML (partially) based on request content types.
Parsing of incoming content
---------------------------
Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests,
the body will be automatically parsed to JSON, YAML and XML (ElementTree)
* request.json
* request.yaml
* request.xml
and attached to the request::
@route("/post/json",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_json(self,request,**kwargs):
return "%s" % json.dumps(request.json)
@route("/post/xml",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_xml(self,request,**kwargs):
return "%s" % ElementTree.tostring(request.xml)
@route("/post/yaml",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_yaml(self,request,**kwargs):
return "%s" % yaml.dump(request.yaml)
Converting Python objects to expected content type
--------------------------------------------------
Instead of returning string responses, the code can just return Python objects.
Depending whether the caller can accept JSON (default) or YAML, the Python objects will be automatically converted::
@route("/return/by/accept")
def test_return_content_by_accepts(self,request,**kwargs):
val = [{"test1":"Test1"},{"test2":"Test2"}]
return val
Calling this URL with "Accept: application/json" will return:
::
[{"test1": "Test1"}, {"test2": "Test2"}]
Calling it with "Accept: text/yaml" will return:
::
- {test1: Test1}
- {test2: Test2}
Features
=================
Here is a breakdown of key CorePost features
URL Routing
-----------
@route decorator
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Via a simple *@route* decorator you can automatically route *twisted.web* Request objects to your class method
based on URL (with dynamic paths), HTTP method, expected content type, etc::
from corepost.web import route, RESTResource
from corepost.enums import Http
class RESTService():
@route("/",Http.GET)
def root(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.path
@route("/test",Http.GET)
def test(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.path
@route("/test/<int:numericid>",Http.GET)
def test_get_resources(self,request,numericid,**kwargs):
return "%s" % numericid
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = RESTResource((RESTService,))
app.run()
*Note*:
This piece of code::
app.run()
is just for convenience when showing code samples and writing unit tests.
In a real production application you would use existing Twisted *twistd* functionality:
* http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/basics.html
* http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/application.html
* http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/tap.html
Path argument extraction
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
CorePort can easily extract path arguments from an URL and convert them to the desired type.
The supported types are:
* *int*
* *float*
* *string*
Example::
@route("/int/<int:intarg>/float/<float:floatarg>/string/<stringarg>",Http.GET)
def test(self,request,intarg,floatarg,stringarg,**kwargs):
pass
Argument validation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
CorePost integrates the popular 'formencode' package to implement form and query argument validation.
Validators can be specified using a *formencode* Schema object, or via custom field-specific validators.
Example::
from corepost.web import validate, route
from corepost.enums import Http
from formencode import Schema, validators
class TestSchema(Schema):
allow_extra_fields = True
childId = validators.Regex(regex="^value1|value2$")
class MyApp():
@route("/validate/<int:rootId>/schema",Http.POST)
@validate(schema=TestSchema())
def postValidateSchema(self,request,rootId,childId,**kwargs):
'''Validate using a common schema'''
return "%s - %s - %s" % (rootId,childId,kwargs)
@route("/validate/<int:rootId>/custom",Http.POST)
@validate(childId=validators.Regex(regex="^value1|value2$"))
def postValidateCustom(self,request,rootId,childId,**kwargs):
'''Validate using argument-specific validators'
return "%s - %s - %s" % (rootId,childId,kwargs)
Please see the *FormEncode* <http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/Validator.html> documentation
for list of available validators:
* Common <http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/validators.html#module-formencode.validators>
* National <http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/national.html#module-formencode.national>
Multiple REST services under a common root URL
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A typical case in REST is where you have parent/child resources (business entities), e.g.
::
Customer
Customer Address
Customer Phone
Customer Order
Customer Invoice
Customer Invoice Payment
etc.
This can create a URL structure like:
::
/customer
/customer/<customerId>
/customer/<customerId>/address
/customer/<customerId>/address/<addressId>
/customer/<customerId>/phone
/customer/<customerId>/phone/<phoneId>
/customer/<customerId>/invoice
/customer/<customerId>/invoice/<invoiceId>
/customer/<customerId>/invoice/<invoiceId>/payment
/customer/<customerId>/invoice/<invoiceId>/payment/<paymentId>
CorePost allows you to write small, modular classes that implement a REST service for just a single entity,
driven by URL paths with dynamic elements in them (e.g. the *customerId*, *invoiceId*, *paymentId* path parameters in the sample above).
You do not have to mesh all these different entities in a single class.
At the end, you wrap all of the different REST services in a single *RESTResource* object (which extends the regular Twisted Web Resource object)
and it takes care of routing the request to the appropriate class.
Here is a full-blown example of two REST services for Customer and Customer Address::
from corepost import Response, NotFoundException, AlreadyExistsException
from corepost.web import RESTResource, route, Http
class CustomerRESTService():
path = "/customer"
@route("/")
def getAll(self,request):
return DB.getAllCustomers()
@route("/<customerId>")
def get(self,request,customerId):
return DB.getCustomer(customerId)
@route("/",Http.POST)
def post(self,request,customerId,firstName,lastName):
customer = Customer(customerId, firstName, lastName)
DB.saveCustomer(customer)
return Response(201)
@route("/<customerId>",Http.PUT)
def put(self,request,customerId,firstName,lastName):
c = DB.getCustomer(customerId)
(c.firstName,c.lastName) = (firstName,lastName)
return Response(200)
@route("/<customerId>",Http.DELETE)
def delete(self,request,customerId):
DB.deleteCustomer(customerId)
return Response(200)
@route("/",Http.DELETE)
def deleteAll(self,request):
DB.deleteAllCustomers()
return Response(200)
class CustomerAddressRESTService():
path = "/customer/<customerId>/address"
@route("/")
def getAll(self,request,customerId):
return DB.getCustomer(customerId).addresses
@route("/<addressId>")
def get(self,request,customerId,addressId):
return DB.getCustomerAddress(customerId, addressId)
@route("/",Http.POST)
def post(self,request,customerId,addressId,streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode):
c = DB.getCustomer(customerId)
address = CustomerAddress(streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode)
c.addresses[addressId] = address
return Response(201)
@route("/<addressId>",Http.PUT)
def put(self,request,customerId,addressId,streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode):
address = DB.getCustomerAddress(customerId, addressId)
(address.streetNumber,address.streetName,address.stateCode,address.countryCode) = (streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode)
return Response(200)
@route("/<addressId>",Http.DELETE)
def delete(self,request,customerId,addressId):
DB.getCustomerAddress(customerId, addressId) #validate address exists
del(DB.getCustomer(customerId).addresses[addressId])
return Response(200)
@route("/",Http.DELETE)
def deleteAll(self,request,customerId):
c = DB.getCustomer(customerId)
c.addresses = {}
return Response(200)
def run_rest_app():
app = RESTResource((CustomerRESTService(),CustomerAddressRESTService()))
app.run(8080)
if __name__ == "__main__":
run_rest_app()
Content types
-------------
CorePost integrates support for JSON, YAML and XML (partially) based on request content types.
*Parsing of incoming content*
Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests,
the body will be automatically parsed to JSON, YAML and XML (ElementTree)
* request.json
* request.yaml
* request.xml
and attached to the request::
@route("/post/json",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_json(self,request,**kwargs):
return "%s" % json.dumps(request.json)
@route("/post/xml",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_xml(self,request,**kwargs):
return "%s" % ElementTree.tostring(request.xml)
@route("/post/yaml",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_yaml(self,request,**kwargs):
return "%s" % yaml.dump(request.yaml)
Routing requests by incoming content type
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests, the *same* URL can be hooked up to different router methods::
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT),MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
def test_content_app_json(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers[HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE]
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT),(MediaType.TEXT_XML,MediaType.APPLICATION_XML))
def test_content_xml(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers[HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE]
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT),MediaType.TEXT_YAML)
def test_content_yaml(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers[HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE]
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_content_catch_all(self,request,**kwargs):
return MediaType.WILDCARD
Converting Python objects to content type based on what caller can accept
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Instead of returning string responses, the code can just return Python objects.
Depending whether the caller can accept JSON (default) or YAML, the Python objects will be automatically converted::
@route("/return/by/accept")
def test_return_content_by_accepts(self,request,**kwargs):
val = [{"test1":"Test1"},{"test2":"Test2"}]
return val
Calling this URL with "Accept: application/json" will return:
::
[{"test1": "Test1"}, {"test2": "Test2"}]
Calling it with "Accept: text/yaml" will return:
::
- {test1: Test1}
- {test2: Test2}
Filters
-----------------
There is support for CorePost resource filters via the two following *corepost.filter* interfaces::
class IRequestFilter(Interface):
"""Request filter interface"""
def filterRequest(self,request):
"""Allows to intercept and change an incoming request"""
pass
class IResponseFilter(Interface):
"""Response filter interface"""
def filterResponse(self,request,response):
"""Allows to intercept and change an outgoing response"""
pass
A filter class can implement either of them or both (for a wrap around filter), e.g.::
class AddCustomHeaderFilter():
"""Implements a request filter that adds a custom header to the incoming request"""
zope.interface.implements(IRequestFilter)
def filterRequest(self,request):
request.received_headers["Custom-Header"] = "Custom Header Value"
class Change404to503Filter():
"""Implements just a response filter that changes 404 to 503 statuses"""
zope.interface.implements(IResponseFilter)
def filterResponse(self,request,response):
if response.code == 404:
response.code = 503
class WrapAroundFilter():
"""Implements both types of filters in one class"""
zope.interface.implements(IRequestFilter,IResponseFilter)
def filterRequest(self,request):
request.received_headers["X-Wrap-Input"] = "Input"
def filterResponse(self,request,response):
response.headers["X-Wrap-Output"] = "Output"
In order to activate the filters on a RESTResource instance, you need to pass a list of them in the constructor as the *filters* parameter, e.g.::
class FilterApp():
@route("/",Http.GET)
def root(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers
def run_filter_app():
app = RESTResource(services=((FilterApp(),),filters=(Change404to503Filter(),AddCustomHeaderFilter(),WrapAroundFilter(),))
app.run(8083)
Asynchronous Operations
-----------------------
@defer.inlineCallbacks support
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If you want a deferred async method, just use *defer.returnValue()*::
@route("/",Http.GET)
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def root(self,request,**kwargs):
val1 = yield db.query("SELECT ....")
val2 = yield db.query("SELECT ....")
defer.returnValue(val1 + val2)
This is standard Twisted functionality.
HTTP codes
------------------
By default, CorePost returns the appropriate HTTP code based on the HTTP method:
Success:
* 200 (OK) - GET, DELETE, PUT
* 201 (Created) - POST
Errors:
* 404 - not able to match any URL
* 400 - missing mandatory argument (driven from the arguments on the actual functions)
* 400 - argument failed validation
* 500 - server error
Filters
=======
There is support for CorePost resource filters via the two following *corepost.filter* interfaces::
class IRequestFilter(Interface):
"""Request filter interface"""
def filterRequest(self,request):
"""Allows to intercept and change an incoming request"""
pass
class IResponseFilter(Interface):
"""Response filter interface"""
def filterResponse(self,request,response):
"""Allows to intercept and change an outgoing response"""
pass
A filter class can implement either of them or both (for a wrap around filter), e.g.::
class AddCustomHeaderFilter():
"""Implements a request filter that adds a custom header to the incoming request"""
zope.interface.implements(IRequestFilter)
def filterRequest(self,request):
request.received_headers["Custom-Header"] = "Custom Header Value"
class Change404to503Filter():
"""Implements just a response filter that changes 404 to 503 statuses"""
zope.interface.implements(IResponseFilter)
def filterResponse(self,request,response):
if response.code == 404:
response.code = 503
class WrapAroundFilter():
"""Implements both types of filters in one class"""
zope.interface.implements(IRequestFilter,IResponseFilter)
def filterRequest(self,request):
request.received_headers["X-Wrap-Input"] = "Input"
def filterResponse(self,request,response):
response.headers["X-Wrap-Output"] = "Output"
In order to activate the filters on a RESTResource instance, you need to pass a list of them in the constructor as the *filters* parameter, e.g.::
class FilterApp:
@route("/",Http.GET)
def root(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers
def run_filter_app():
app = RESTResource(services=(FilterApp(),),filters=(Change404to503Filter(),AddCustomHeaderFilter(),WrapAroundFilter(),))
app.run(8083)
HTTP codes
==========
By default, CorePost returns the appropriate HTTP code based on the HTTP method:
Success:
* 200 (OK) - GET, DELETE, PUT
* 201 (Created) - POST
Errors:
* 404 - not able to match any URL.
* 400 - missing mandatory argument (driven from the arguments on the actual functions)
* 400 - argument failed validation
* 500 - server error
CorePost
====================================
A Twisted REST micro-framework
------------------------------
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 4
intro
Features
--------
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 4
url_routing
argument_parsing
arguments
content_types
filters
http_codes
async
modules
Introduction
============
What is CorePost?
-----------------
CorePost is a Python REST micro-framework. It is meant for building enterprise-grade REST server applications that provide
API services to other applications and/or a UI layer (coded in any framework or language).
More importantly, CorePost is an asynchronous I/O web framework (similar to Node.js).
Hence it relies on asynchronous I/O operations, which are extremely efficient, but somewhat more complicated to code.
Fortunately, CorePost does not create it's own async I/O library, but instead uses under the mature, well documented
and extremely well designed Twisted library, in particular its web layer (known simply as twisted.web)
Coupled with a JIT runtime like PyPy, this should give you the ability to develop REST server side applications
that will be extremely performant in production, yet (hopefully) fun and productive to develop.
What is Twisted?
----------------
Twisted is a very mature Python async I/O network toolkit:
http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/
Understanding core principles behind Twisted and its APIs is required (at least at a basic level) before coding any CorePost application.
Hence we recommend either reading the very thorough developer's guide:
http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/book.pdf
or the excellent Twisted tutorials from Dave Peticolas:
http://krondo.com/blog/?page_id=1327
In particular, understanding the core Twisted Deferred object (and its productive inline callback approach) are crucial
to productive usage of Twisted APIs for writing asynchronous web applications.
What does CorePost add on top of Twisted Web?
---------------------------------------------
Mostly productivity features that take of low-level plumbing such as:
* routing request to handler methods
* automatic parsing of JSON/YAML/XML input
* automatic conversion of Python objects and classes to JSON / YAML / XML formats
* simplified exception handling
* custom request / response filters
However, this is a very thin layer. Once you get to write some serious code that interacts with an external system (e.g. a SQL database)
you are writing a hard-code Twisted web application. CorePost is just there to make it easier for you and let you focus on business logic,
while letting it take care of common required plumbing. That's it.
A CorePost application is nothing more than a *twisted.web* application under the hood.
Why would I use CorePost instead of Node.js?
--------------------------------------------
As you develop more Twisted code, you will realize how its elegant and powerful *Deferred* object
(and especially inline callbacks) make developing *readable* asynchronous code much more pleasant than any other solution.
\ No newline at end of file
Modular REST applications
=========================
A typical case in REST is where you have parent/child resources (business entities), e.g.
::
Customer
Customer Address
Customer Phone
Customer Order
Customer Invoice
Customer Invoice Payment
etc.
This can create a URL structure like:
::
/customer
/customer/<customerId>
/customer/<customerId>/address
/customer/<customerId>/address/<addressId>
/customer/<customerId>/phone
/customer/<customerId>/phone/<phoneId>
/customer/<customerId>/invoice
/customer/<customerId>/invoice/<invoiceId>
/customer/<customerId>/invoice/<invoiceId>/payment
/customer/<customerId>/invoice/<invoiceId>/payment/<paymentId>
CorePost allows you to write small, modular classes that implement a REST service for just a single entity,
driven by URL paths with dynamic elements in them (e.g. the *customerId*, *invoiceId*, *paymentId* path parameters in the sample above).
You do not have to mesh all these different entities in a single class.
At the end, you wrap all of the different REST services in a single *RESTResource* object (which extends the regular Twisted Web Resource object)
and it takes care of routing the request to the appropriate class.
Here is a full-blown example of two REST services for Customer and Customer Address::
from corepost import Response, NotFoundException, AlreadyExistsException
from corepost.web import RESTResource, route, Http
class CustomerRESTService():
path = "/customer"
@route("/")
def getAll(self,request):
return DB.getAllCustomers()
@route("/<customerId>")
def get(self,request,customerId):
return DB.getCustomer(customerId)
@route("/",Http.POST)
def post(self,request,customerId,firstName,lastName):
customer = Customer(customerId, firstName, lastName)
DB.saveCustomer(customer)
return Response(201)
@route("/<customerId>",Http.PUT)
def put(self,request,customerId,firstName,lastName):
c = DB.getCustomer(customerId)
(c.firstName,c.lastName) = (firstName,lastName)
return Response(200)
@route("/<customerId>",Http.DELETE)
def delete(self,request,customerId):
DB.deleteCustomer(customerId)
return Response(200)
@route("/",Http.DELETE)
def deleteAll(self,request):
DB.deleteAllCustomers()
return Response(200)
class CustomerAddressRESTService():
path = "/customer/<customerId>/address"
@route("/")
def getAll(self,request,customerId):
return DB.getCustomer(customerId).addresses
@route("/<addressId>")
def get(self,request,customerId,addressId):
return DB.getCustomerAddress(customerId, addressId)
@route("/",Http.POST)
def post(self,request,customerId,addressId,streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode):
c = DB.getCustomer(customerId)
address = CustomerAddress(streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode)
c.addresses[addressId] = address
return Response(201)
@route("/<addressId>",Http.PUT)
def put(self,request,customerId,addressId,streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode):
address = DB.getCustomerAddress(customerId, addressId)
(address.streetNumber,address.streetName,address.stateCode,address.countryCode) = (streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode)
return Response(200)
@route("/<addressId>",Http.DELETE)
def delete(self,request,customerId,addressId):
DB.getCustomerAddress(customerId, addressId) #validate address exists
del(DB.getCustomer(customerId).addresses[addressId])
return Response(200)
@route("/",Http.DELETE)
def deleteAll(self,request,customerId):
c = DB.getCustomer(customerId)
c.addresses = {}
return Response(200)
def run_rest_app():
app = RESTResource((CustomerRESTService(),CustomerAddressRESTService()))
app.run(8080)
if __name__ == "__main__":
run_rest_app()
URL Routing
=================
@route decorator
----------------
Via a simple *@route* decorator you can automatically route *twisted.web* Request objects to your class method
based on URL (with dynamic paths), HTTP method, expected content type, etc::
from corepost.web import route, RESTResource
from corepost.enums import Http
class RESTService():
@route("/",Http.GET)
def root(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.path
@route("/test",Http.GET)
def test(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.path
@route("/test/<int:numericid>",Http.GET)
def test_get_resources(self,request,numericid,**kwargs):
return "%s" % numericid
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = RESTResource((RESTService,))
app.run()
*Note*:
This piece of code::
app.run()
is just for convenience when showing code samples and writing unit tests.
In a real production application you would use existing Twisted *twistd* functionality:
* http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/basics.html
* http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/application.html
* http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/tap.html
Path argument extraction
------------------------
CorePort can easily extract path arguments from an URL and convert them to the desired type.
The supported types are:
* *int*
* *float*
* *string*
Example::
@route("/int/<int:intarg>/float/<float:floatarg>/string/<stringarg>",Http.GET)
def test(self,request,intarg,floatarg,stringarg,**kwargs):
pass
Routing requests by incoming content type
-----------------------------------------
Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests, the *same* URL can be hooked up to different router methods::
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT),MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
def test_content_app_json(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers[HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE]
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT),(MediaType.TEXT_XML,MediaType.APPLICATION_XML))
def test_content_xml(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers[HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE]
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT),MediaType.TEXT_YAML)
def test_content_yaml(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers[HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE]
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_content_catch_all(self,request,**kwargs):
return MediaType.WILDCARD
/*
* basic.css
* ~~~~~~~~~
*
* Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme.
*
* :copyright: Copyright 2007-2011 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
* :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
*
*/
/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */
div.clearer {
clear: both;
}
/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
div.related {
width: 100%;
font-size: 90%;
}
div.related h3 {
display: none;
}
div.related ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0 0 0 10px;
list-style: none;
}
div.related li {
display: inline;
}
div.related li.right {
float: right;
margin-right: 5px;
}
/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */
div.sphinxsidebarwrapper {
padding: 10px 5px 0 10px;
}
div.sphinxsidebar {
float: left;
width: 230px;
margin-left: -100%;
font-size: 90%;
}
div.sphinxsidebar ul {
list-style: none;
}
div.sphinxsidebar ul ul,
div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points {
margin-left: 20px;
list-style: square;
}
div.sphinxsidebar ul ul {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
div.sphinxsidebar form {
margin-top: 10px;
}
div.sphinxsidebar input {
border: 1px solid #98dbcc;
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 1em;
}
div.sphinxsidebar input[type="text"] {
width: 170px;
}
div.sphinxsidebar input[type="submit"] {
width: 30px;
}
img {
border: 0;
}
/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */
ul.search {
margin: 10px 0 0 20px;
padding: 0;
}
ul.search li {
padding: 5px 0 5px 20px;
background-image: url(file.png);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: 0 7px;
}
ul.search li a {
font-weight: bold;
}
ul.search li div.context {
color: #888;
margin: 2px 0 0 30px;
text-align: left;
}
ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a {
font-weight: bold;
}
/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */
table.contentstable {
width: 90%;
}
table.contentstable p.biglink {
line-height: 150%;
}
a.biglink {
font-size: 1.3em;
}
span.linkdescr {
font-style: italic;
padding-top: 5px;
font-size: 90%;
}
/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */
table.indextable {
width: 100%;
}
table.indextable td {
text-align: left;
vertical-align: top;
}
table.indextable dl, table.indextable dd {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
table.indextable tr.pcap {
height: 10px;
}
table.indextable tr.cap {
margin-top: 10px;
background-color: #f2f2f2;
}
img.toggler {
margin-right: 3px;
margin-top: 3px;
cursor: pointer;
}
div.modindex-jumpbox {
border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
margin: 1em 0 1em 0;
padding: 0.4em;
}
div.genindex-jumpbox {
border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
margin: 1em 0 1em 0;
padding: 0.4em;
}
/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */
a.headerlink {
visibility: hidden;
}
h1:hover > a.headerlink,
h2:hover > a.headerlink,
h3:hover > a.headerlink,
h4:hover > a.headerlink,
h5:hover > a.headerlink,
h6:hover > a.headerlink,
dt:hover > a.headerlink {
visibility: visible;
}
div.body p.caption {
text-align: inherit;
}
div.body td {
text-align: left;
}
.field-list ul {
padding-left: 1em;
}
.first {
margin-top: 0 !important;
}
p.rubric {
margin-top: 30px;
font-weight: bold;
}
img.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left {
clear: left;
float: left;
margin-right: 1em;
}
img.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right {
clear: right;
float: right;
margin-left: 1em;
}
img.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center {
display: block;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
.align-left {
text-align: left;
}
.align-center {
text-align: center;
}
.align-right {
text-align: right;
}
/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */
div.sidebar {
margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;
border: 1px solid #ddb;
padding: 7px 7px 0 7px;
background-color: #ffe;
width: 40%;
float: right;
}
p.sidebar-title {
font-weight: bold;
}
/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
div.topic {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
padding: 7px 7px 0 7px;
margin: 10px 0 10px 0;
}
p.topic-title {
font-size: 1.1em;
font-weight: bold;
margin-top: 10px;
}
/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */
div.admonition {
margin-top: 10px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
padding: 7px;
}
div.admonition dt {
font-weight: bold;
}
div.admonition dl {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
p.admonition-title {
margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px;
font-weight: bold;
}
div.body p.centered {
text-align: center;
margin-top: 25px;
}
/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
table.docutils {
border: 0;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
table.docutils td, table.docutils th {
padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px;
border-top: 0;
border-left: 0;
border-right: 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;
}
table.field-list td, table.field-list th {
border: 0 !important;
}
table.footnote td, table.footnote th {
border: 0 !important;
}
th {
text-align: left;
padding-right: 5px;
}
table.citation {
border-left: solid 1px gray;
margin-left: 1px;
}
table.citation td {
border-bottom: none;
}
/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */
ol.arabic {
list-style: decimal;
}
ol.loweralpha {
list-style: lower-alpha;
}
ol.upperalpha {
list-style: upper-alpha;
}
ol.lowerroman {
list-style: lower-roman;
}
ol.upperroman {
list-style: upper-roman;
}
dl {
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
dd p {
margin-top: 0px;
}
dd ul, dd table {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
dd {
margin-top: 3px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
margin-left: 30px;
}
dt:target, .highlighted {
background-color: #fbe54e;
}
dl.glossary dt {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1.1em;
}
.field-list ul {
margin: 0;
padding-left: 1em;
}
.field-list p {
margin: 0;
}
.refcount {
color: #060;
}
.optional {
font-size: 1.3em;
}
.versionmodified {
font-style: italic;
}
.system-message {
background-color: #fda;
padding: 5px;
border: 3px solid red;
}
.footnote:target {
background-color: #ffa;
}
.line-block {
display: block;
margin-top: 1em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
.line-block .line-block {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
margin-left: 1.5em;
}
.guilabel, .menuselection {
font-family: sans-serif;
}
.accelerator {
text-decoration: underline;
}
.classifier {
font-style: oblique;
}
abbr, acronym {
border-bottom: dotted 1px;
cursor: help;
}
/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */
pre {
overflow: auto;
overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */
}
td.linenos pre {
padding: 5px 0px;
border: 0;
background-color: transparent;
color: #aaa;
}
table.highlighttable {
margin-left: 0.5em;
}
table.highlighttable td {
padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em;
}
tt.descname {
background-color: transparent;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1.2em;
}
tt.descclassname {
background-color: transparent;
}
tt.xref, a tt {
background-color: transparent;
font-weight: bold;
}
h1 tt, h2 tt, h3 tt, h4 tt, h5 tt, h6 tt {
background-color: transparent;
}
.viewcode-link {
float: right;
}
.viewcode-back {
float: right;
font-family: sans-serif;
}
div.viewcode-block:target {
margin: -1px -10px;
padding: 0 10px;
}
/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */
img.math {
vertical-align: middle;
}
div.body div.math p {
text-align: center;
}
span.eqno {
float: right;
}
/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */
@media print {
div.document,
div.documentwrapper,
div.bodywrapper {
margin: 0 !important;
width: 100%;
}
div.sphinxsidebar,
div.related,
div.footer,
#top-link {
display: none;
}
}
\ No newline at end of file
/*
* default.css_t
* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
*
* Sphinx stylesheet -- default theme.
*
* :copyright: Copyright 2007-2011 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
* :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
*
*/
@import url("basic.css");
/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */
body {
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 100%;
background-color: #11303d;
color: #000;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
div.document {
background-color: #1c4e63;
}
div.documentwrapper {
float: left;
width: 100%;
}
div.bodywrapper {
margin: 0 0 0 230px;
}
div.body {
background-color: #ffffff;
color: #000000;
padding: 0 20px 30px 20px;
}
div.footer {
color: #ffffff;
width: 100%;
padding: 9px 0 9px 0;
text-align: center;
font-size: 75%;
}
div.footer a {
color: #ffffff;
text-decoration: underline;
}
div.related {
background-color: #133f52;
line-height: 30px;
color: #ffffff;
}
div.related a {
color: #ffffff;
}
div.sphinxsidebar {
}
div.sphinxsidebar h3 {
font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;
color: #ffffff;
font-size: 1.4em;
font-weight: normal;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
div.sphinxsidebar h3 a {
color: #ffffff;
}
div.sphinxsidebar h4 {
font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;
color: #ffffff;
font-size: 1.3em;
font-weight: normal;
margin: 5px 0 0 0;
padding: 0;
}
div.sphinxsidebar p {
color: #ffffff;
}
div.sphinxsidebar p.topless {
margin: 5px 10px 10px 10px;
}
div.sphinxsidebar ul {
margin: 10px;
padding: 0;
color: #ffffff;
}
div.sphinxsidebar a {
color: #98dbcc;
}
div.sphinxsidebar input {
border: 1px solid #98dbcc;
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 1em;
}
/* -- hyperlink styles ------------------------------------------------------ */
a {
color: #355f7c;
text-decoration: none;
}
a:visited {
color: #355f7c;
text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
/* -- body styles ----------------------------------------------------------- */
div.body h1,
div.body h2,
div.body h3,
div.body h4,
div.body h5,
div.body h6 {
font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;
background-color: #f2f2f2;
font-weight: normal;
color: #20435c;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
margin: 20px -20px 10px -20px;
padding: 3px 0 3px 10px;
}
div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; font-size: 200%; }
div.body h2 { font-size: 160%; }
div.body h3 { font-size: 140%; }
div.body h4 { font-size: 120%; }
div.body h5 { font-size: 110%; }
div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; }
a.headerlink {
color: #c60f0f;
font-size: 0.8em;
padding: 0 4px 0 4px;
text-decoration: none;
}
a.headerlink:hover {
background-color: #c60f0f;
color: white;
}
div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li {
text-align: justify;
line-height: 130%;
}
div.admonition p.admonition-title + p {
display: inline;
}
div.admonition p {
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
div.admonition pre {
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
div.admonition ul, div.admonition ol {
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
div.note {
background-color: #eee;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
}
div.seealso {
background-color: #ffc;
border: 1px solid #ff6;
}
div.topic {
background-color: #eee;
}
div.warning {
background-color: #ffe4e4;
border: 1px solid #f66;
}
p.admonition-title {
display: inline;
}
p.admonition-title:after {
content: ":";
}
pre {
padding: 5px;
background-color: #eeffcc;
color: #333333;
line-height: 120%;
border: 1px solid #ac9;
border-left: none;
border-right: none;
}
tt {
background-color: #ecf0f3;
padding: 0 1px 0 1px;
font-size: 0.95em;
}
th {
background-color: #ede;
}
.warning tt {
background: #efc2c2;
}
.note tt {
background: #d6d6d6;
}
.viewcode-back {
font-family: sans-serif;
}
div.viewcode-block:target {
background-color: #f4debf;
border-top: 1px solid #ac9;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ac9;
}
\ No newline at end of file
/*
* doctools.js
* ~~~~~~~~~~~
*
* Sphinx JavaScript utilities for all documentation.
*
* :copyright: Copyright 2007-2011 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
* :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
*
*/
/**
* select a different prefix for underscore
*/
$u = _.noConflict();
/**
* make the code below compatible with browsers without
* an installed firebug like debugger
if (!window.console || !console.firebug) {
var names = ["log", "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "assert", "dir",
"dirxml", "group", "groupEnd", "time", "timeEnd", "count", "trace",
"profile", "profileEnd"];
window.console = {};
for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i)
window.console[names[i]] = function() {};
}
*/
/**
* small helper function to urldecode strings
*/
jQuery.urldecode = function(x) {
return decodeURIComponent(x).replace(/\+/g, ' ');
}
/**
* small helper function to urlencode strings
*/
jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent;
/**
* This function returns the parsed url parameters of the
* current request. Multiple values per key are supported,
* it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts.
*/
jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) {
if (typeof s == 'undefined')
s = document.location.search;
var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&');
var result = {};
for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2);
var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]);
var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]);
if (key in result)
result[key].push(value);
else
result[key] = [value];
}
return result;
};
/**
* small function to check if an array contains
* a given item.
*/
jQuery.contains = function(arr, item) {
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (arr[i] == item)
return true;
}
return false;
};
/**
* highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in
* span elements with the given class name.
*/
jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) {
function highlight(node) {
if (node.nodeType == 3) {
var val = node.nodeValue;
var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text);
if (pos >= 0 && !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className)) {
var span = document.createElement("span");
span.className = className;
span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length)));
node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore(
document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)),
node.nextSibling));
node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos);
}
}
else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) {
jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() {
highlight(this);
});
}
}
return this.each(function() {
highlight(this);
});
};
/**
* Small JavaScript module for the documentation.
*/
var Documentation = {
init : function() {
this.fixFirefoxAnchorBug();
this.highlightSearchWords();
this.initIndexTable();
},
/**
* i18n support
*/
TRANSLATIONS : {},
PLURAL_EXPR : function(n) { return n == 1 ? 0 : 1; },
LOCALE : 'unknown',
// gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions
// can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext)
gettext : function(string) {
var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string];
if (typeof translated == 'undefined')
return string;
return (typeof translated == 'string') ? translated : translated[0];
},
ngettext : function(singular, plural, n) {
var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular];
if (typeof translated == 'undefined')
return (n == 1) ? singular : plural;
return translated[Documentation.PLURALEXPR(n)];
},
addTranslations : function(catalog) {
for (var key in catalog.messages)
this.TRANSLATIONS[key] = catalog.messages[key];
this.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function('n', 'return +(' + catalog.plural_expr + ')');
this.LOCALE = catalog.locale;
},
/**
* add context elements like header anchor links
*/
addContextElements : function() {
$('div[id] > :header:first').each(function() {
$('<a class="headerlink">\u00B6</a>').
attr('href', '#' + this.id).
attr('title', _('Permalink to this headline')).
appendTo(this);
});
$('dt[id]').each(function() {
$('<a class="headerlink">\u00B6</a>').
attr('href', '#' + this.id).
attr('title', _('Permalink to this definition')).
appendTo(this);
});
},
/**
* workaround a firefox stupidity
*/
fixFirefoxAnchorBug : function() {
if (document.location.hash && $.browser.mozilla)
window.setTimeout(function() {
document.location.href += '';
}, 10);
},
/**
* highlight the search words provided in the url in the text
*/
highlightSearchWords : function() {
var params = $.getQueryParameters();
var terms = (params.highlight) ? params.highlight[0].split(/\s+/) : [];
if (terms.length) {
var body = $('div.body');
window.setTimeout(function() {
$.each(terms, function() {
body.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlighted');
});
}, 10);
$('<p class="highlight-link"><a href="javascript:Documentation.' +
'hideSearchWords()">' + _('Hide Search Matches') + '</a></p>')
.appendTo($('#searchbox'));
}
},
/**
* init the domain index toggle buttons
*/
initIndexTable : function() {
var togglers = $('img.toggler').click(function() {
var src = $(this).attr('src');
var idnum = $(this).attr('id').substr(7);
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\ No newline at end of file
/*
* searchtools.js_t
* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
*
* Sphinx JavaScript utilties for the full-text search.
*
* :copyright: Copyright 2007-2011 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
* :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
*
*/
/**
* helper function to return a node containing the
* search summary for a given text. keywords is a list
* of stemmed words, hlwords is the list of normal, unstemmed
* words. the first one is used to find the occurance, the
* latter for highlighting it.
*/
jQuery.makeSearchSummary = function(text, keywords, hlwords) {
var textLower = text.toLowerCase();
var start = 0;
$.each(keywords, function() {
var i = textLower.indexOf(this.toLowerCase());
if (i > -1)
start = i;
});
start = Math.max(start - 120, 0);
var excerpt = ((start > 0) ? '...' : '') +
$.trim(text.substr(start, 240)) +
((start + 240 - text.length) ? '...' : '');
var rv = $('<div class="context"></div>').text(excerpt);
$.each(hlwords, function() {
rv = rv.highlightText(this, 'highlighted');
});
return rv;
}
/**
* Porter Stemmer
*/
var Stemmer = function() {
var step2list = {
ational: 'ate',
tional: 'tion',
enci: 'ence',
anci: 'ance',
izer: 'ize',
bli: 'ble',
alli: 'al',
entli: 'ent',
eli: 'e',
ousli: 'ous',
ization: 'ize',
ation: 'ate',
ator: 'ate',
alism: 'al',
iveness: 'ive',
fulness: 'ful',
ousness: 'ous',
aliti: 'al',
iviti: 'ive',
biliti: 'ble',
logi: 'log'
};
var step3list = {
icate: 'ic',
ative: '',
alize: 'al',
iciti: 'ic',
ical: 'ic',
ful: '',
ness: ''
};
var c = "[^aeiou]"; // consonant
var v = "[aeiouy]"; // vowel
var C = c + "[^aeiouy]*"; // consonant sequence
var V = v + "[aeiou]*"; // vowel sequence
var mgr0 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C; // [C]VC... is m>0
var meq1 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C + "(" + V + ")?$"; // [C]VC[V] is m=1
var mgr1 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C + V + C; // [C]VCVC... is m>1
var s_v = "^(" + C + ")?" + v; // vowel in stem
this.stemWord = function (w) {
var stem;
var suffix;
var firstch;
var origword = w;
if (w.length < 3)
return w;
var re;
var re2;
var re3;
var re4;
firstch = w.substr(0,1);
if (firstch == "y")
w = firstch.toUpperCase() + w.substr(1);
// Step 1a
re = /^(.+?)(ss|i)es$/;
re2 = /^(.+?)([^s])s$/;
if (re.test(w))
w = w.replace(re,"$1$2");
else if (re2.test(w))
w = w.replace(re2,"$1$2");
// Step 1b
re = /^(.+?)eed$/;
re2 = /^(.+?)(ed|ing)$/;
if (re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
re = new RegExp(mgr0);
if (re.test(fp[1])) {
re = /.$/;
w = w.replace(re,"");
}
}
else if (re2.test(w)) {
var fp = re2.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
re2 = new RegExp(s_v);
if (re2.test(stem)) {
w = stem;
re2 = /(at|bl|iz)$/;
re3 = new RegExp("([^aeiouylsz])\\1$");
re4 = new RegExp("^" + C + v + "[^aeiouwxy]$");
if (re2.test(w))
w = w + "e";
else if (re3.test(w)) {
re = /.$/;
w = w.replace(re,"");
}
else if (re4.test(w))
w = w + "e";
}
}
// Step 1c
re = /^(.+?)y$/;
if (re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
re = new RegExp(s_v);
if (re.test(stem))
w = stem + "i";
}
// Step 2
re = /^(.+?)(ational|tional|enci|anci|izer|bli|alli|entli|eli|ousli|ization|ation|ator|alism|iveness|fulness|ousness|aliti|iviti|biliti|logi)$/;
if (re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
suffix = fp[2];
re = new RegExp(mgr0);
if (re.test(stem))
w = stem + step2list[suffix];
}
// Step 3
re = /^(.+?)(icate|ative|alize|iciti|ical|ful|ness)$/;
if (re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
suffix = fp[2];
re = new RegExp(mgr0);
if (re.test(stem))
w = stem + step3list[suffix];
}
// Step 4
re = /^(.+?)(al|ance|ence|er|ic|able|ible|ant|ement|ment|ent|ou|ism|ate|iti|ous|ive|ize)$/;
re2 = /^(.+?)(s|t)(ion)$/;
if (re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
re = new RegExp(mgr1);
if (re.test(stem))
w = stem;
}
else if (re2.test(w)) {
var fp = re2.exec(w);
stem = fp[1] + fp[2];
re2 = new RegExp(mgr1);
if (re2.test(stem))
w = stem;
}
// Step 5
re = /^(.+?)e$/;
if (re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
re = new RegExp(mgr1);
re2 = new RegExp(meq1);
re3 = new RegExp("^" + C + v + "[^aeiouwxy]$");
if (re.test(stem) || (re2.test(stem) && !(re3.test(stem))))
w = stem;
}
re = /ll$/;
re2 = new RegExp(mgr1);
if (re.test(w) && re2.test(w)) {
re = /.$/;
w = w.replace(re,"");
}
// and turn initial Y back to y
if (firstch == "y")
w = firstch.toLowerCase() + w.substr(1);
return w;
}
}
/**
* Search Module
*/
var Search = {
_index : null,
_queued_query : null,
_pulse_status : -1,
init : function() {
var params = $.getQueryParameters();
if (params.q) {
var query = params.q[0];
$('input[name="q"]')[0].value = query;
this.performSearch(query);
}
},
loadIndex : function(url) {
$.ajax({type: "GET", url: url, data: null, success: null,
dataType: "script", cache: true});
},
setIndex : function(index) {
var q;
this._index = index;
if ((q = this._queued_query) !== null) {
this._queued_query = null;
Search.query(q);
}
},
hasIndex : function() {
return this._index !== null;
},
deferQuery : function(query) {
this._queued_query = query;
},
stopPulse : function() {
this._pulse_status = 0;
},
startPulse : function() {
if (this._pulse_status >= 0)
return;
function pulse() {
Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4;
var dotString = '';
for (var i = 0; i < Search._pulse_status; i++)
dotString += '.';
Search.dots.text(dotString);
if (Search._pulse_status > -1)
window.setTimeout(pulse, 500);
};
pulse();
},
/**
* perform a search for something
*/
performSearch : function(query) {
// create the required interface elements
this.out = $('#search-results');
this.title = $('<h2>' + _('Searching') + '</h2>').appendTo(this.out);
this.dots = $('<span></span>').appendTo(this.title);
this.status = $('<p style="display: none"></p>').appendTo(this.out);
this.output = $('<ul class="search"/>').appendTo(this.out);
$('#search-progress').text(_('Preparing search...'));
this.startPulse();
// index already loaded, the browser was quick!
if (this.hasIndex())
this.query(query);
else
this.deferQuery(query);
},
query : function(query) {
var stopwords = ["and","then","into","it","as","are","in","if","for","no","there","their","was","is","be","to","that","but","they","not","such","with","by","a","on","these","of","will","this","near","the","or","at"];
// Stem the searchterms and add them to the correct list
var stemmer = new Stemmer();
var searchterms = [];
var excluded = [];
var hlterms = [];
var tmp = query.split(/\s+/);
var objectterms = [];
for (var i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++) {
if (tmp[i] != "") {
objectterms.push(tmp[i].toLowerCase());
}
if ($u.indexOf(stopwords, tmp[i]) != -1 || tmp[i].match(/^\d+$/) ||
tmp[i] == "") {
// skip this "word"
continue;
}
// stem the word
var word = stemmer.stemWord(tmp[i]).toLowerCase();
// select the correct list
if (word[0] == '-') {
var toAppend = excluded;
word = word.substr(1);
}
else {
var toAppend = searchterms;
hlterms.push(tmp[i].toLowerCase());
}
// only add if not already in the list
if (!$.contains(toAppend, word))
toAppend.push(word);
};
var highlightstring = '?highlight=' + $.urlencode(hlterms.join(" "));
// console.debug('SEARCH: searching for:');
// console.info('required: ', searchterms);
// console.info('excluded: ', excluded);
// prepare search
var filenames = this._index.filenames;
var titles = this._index.titles;
var terms = this._index.terms;
var fileMap = {};
var files = null;
// different result priorities
var importantResults = [];
var objectResults = [];
var regularResults = [];
var unimportantResults = [];
$('#search-progress').empty();
// lookup as object
for (var i = 0; i < objectterms.length; i++) {
var others = [].concat(objectterms.slice(0,i),
objectterms.slice(i+1, objectterms.length))
var results = this.performObjectSearch(objectterms[i], others);
// Assume first word is most likely to be the object,
// other words more likely to be in description.
// Therefore put matches for earlier words first.
// (Results are eventually used in reverse order).
objectResults = results[0].concat(objectResults);
importantResults = results[1].concat(importantResults);
unimportantResults = results[2].concat(unimportantResults);
}
// perform the search on the required terms
for (var i = 0; i < searchterms.length; i++) {
var word = searchterms[i];
// no match but word was a required one
if ((files = terms[word]) == null)
break;
if (files.length == undefined) {
files = [files];
}
// create the mapping
for (var j = 0; j < files.length; j++) {
var file = files[j];
if (file in fileMap)
fileMap[file].push(word);
else
fileMap[file] = [word];
}
}
// now check if the files don't contain excluded terms
for (var file in fileMap) {
var valid = true;
// check if all requirements are matched
if (fileMap[file].length != searchterms.length)
continue;
// ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the
// search result.
for (var i = 0; i < excluded.length; i++) {
if (terms[excluded[i]] == file ||
$.contains(terms[excluded[i]] || [], file)) {
valid = false;
break;
}
}
// if we have still a valid result we can add it
// to the result list
if (valid)
regularResults.push([filenames[file], titles[file], '', null]);
}
// delete unused variables in order to not waste
// memory until list is retrieved completely
delete filenames, titles, terms;
// now sort the regular results descending by title
regularResults.sort(function(a, b) {
var left = a[1].toLowerCase();
var right = b[1].toLowerCase();
return (left > right) ? -1 : ((left < right) ? 1 : 0);
});
// combine all results
var results = unimportantResults.concat(regularResults)
.concat(objectResults).concat(importantResults);
// print the results
var resultCount = results.length;
function displayNextItem() {
// results left, load the summary and display it
if (results.length) {
var item = results.pop();
var listItem = $('<li style="display:none"></li>');
if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX == '') {
// dirhtml builder
var dirname = item[0] + '/';
if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) {
dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length-6);
} else if (dirname == 'index/') {
dirname = '';
}
listItem.append($('<a/>').attr('href',
DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + dirname +
highlightstring + item[2]).html(item[1]));
} else {
// normal html builders
listItem.append($('<a/>').attr('href',
item[0] + DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX +
highlightstring + item[2]).html(item[1]));
}
if (item[3]) {
listItem.append($('<span> (' + item[3] + ')</span>'));
Search.output.append(listItem);
listItem.slideDown(5, function() {
displayNextItem();
});
} else if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.HAS_SOURCE) {
$.get(DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + '_sources/' +
item[0] + '.txt', function(data) {
if (data != '') {
listItem.append($.makeSearchSummary(data, searchterms, hlterms));
Search.output.append(listItem);
}
listItem.slideDown(5, function() {
displayNextItem();
});
}, "text");
} else {
// no source available, just display title
Search.output.append(listItem);
listItem.slideDown(5, function() {
displayNextItem();
});
}
}
// search finished, update title and status message
else {
Search.stopPulse();
Search.title.text(_('Search Results'));
if (!resultCount)
Search.status.text(_('Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you\'ve selected enough categories.'));
else
Search.status.text(_('Search finished, found %s page(s) matching the search query.').replace('%s', resultCount));
Search.status.fadeIn(500);
}
}
displayNextItem();
},
performObjectSearch : function(object, otherterms) {
var filenames = this._index.filenames;
var objects = this._index.objects;
var objnames = this._index.objnames;
var titles = this._index.titles;
var importantResults = [];
var objectResults = [];
var unimportantResults = [];
for (var prefix in objects) {
for (var name in objects[prefix]) {
var fullname = (prefix ? prefix + '.' : '') + name;
if (fullname.toLowerCase().indexOf(object) > -1) {
var match = objects[prefix][name];
var objname = objnames[match[1]][2];
var title = titles[match[0]];
// If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be
// found in the name/title/description
if (otherterms.length > 0) {
var haystack = (prefix + ' ' + name + ' ' +
objname + ' ' + title).toLowerCase();
var allfound = true;
for (var i = 0; i < otherterms.length; i++) {
if (haystack.indexOf(otherterms[i]) == -1) {
allfound = false;
break;
}
}
if (!allfound) {
continue;
}
}
var descr = objname + _(', in ') + title;
anchor = match[3];
if (anchor == '')
anchor = fullname;
else if (anchor == '-')
anchor = objnames[match[1]][1] + '-' + fullname;
result = [filenames[match[0]], fullname, '#'+anchor, descr];
switch (match[2]) {
case 1: objectResults.push(result); break;
case 0: importantResults.push(result); break;
case 2: unimportantResults.push(result); break;
}
}
}
}
// sort results descending
objectResults.sort(function(a, b) {
return (a[1] > b[1]) ? -1 : ((a[1] < b[1]) ? 1 : 0);
});
importantResults.sort(function(a, b) {
return (a[1] > b[1]) ? -1 : ((a[1] < b[1]) ? 1 : 0);
});
unimportantResults.sort(function(a, b) {
return (a[1] > b[1]) ? -1 : ((a[1] < b[1]) ? 1 : 0);
});
return [importantResults, objectResults, unimportantResults]
}
}
$(document).ready(function() {
Search.init();
});
\ No newline at end of file
/*
* sidebar.js
* ~~~~~~~~~~
*
* This script makes the Sphinx sidebar collapsible.
*
* .sphinxsidebar contains .sphinxsidebarwrapper. This script adds
* in .sphixsidebar, after .sphinxsidebarwrapper, the #sidebarbutton
* used to collapse and expand the sidebar.
*
* When the sidebar is collapsed the .sphinxsidebarwrapper is hidden
* and the width of the sidebar and the margin-left of the document
* are decreased. When the sidebar is expanded the opposite happens.
* This script saves a per-browser/per-session cookie used to
* remember the position of the sidebar among the pages.
* Once the browser is closed the cookie is deleted and the position
* reset to the default (expanded).
*
* :copyright: Copyright 2007-2011 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
* :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
*
*/
$(function() {
// global elements used by the functions.
// the 'sidebarbutton' element is defined as global after its
// creation, in the add_sidebar_button function
var bodywrapper = $('.bodywrapper');
var sidebar = $('.sphinxsidebar');
var sidebarwrapper = $('.sphinxsidebarwrapper');
// for some reason, the document has no sidebar; do not run into errors
if (!sidebar.length) return;
// original margin-left of the bodywrapper and width of the sidebar
// with the sidebar expanded
var bw_margin_expanded = bodywrapper.css('margin-left');
var ssb_width_expanded = sidebar.width();
// margin-left of the bodywrapper and width of the sidebar
// with the sidebar collapsed
var bw_margin_collapsed = '.8em';
var ssb_width_collapsed = '.8em';
// colors used by the current theme
var dark_color = $('.related').css('background-color');
var light_color = $('.document').css('background-color');
function sidebar_is_collapsed() {
return sidebarwrapper.is(':not(:visible)');
}
function toggle_sidebar() {
if (sidebar_is_collapsed())
expand_sidebar();
else
collapse_sidebar();
}
function collapse_sidebar() {
sidebarwrapper.hide();
sidebar.css('width', ssb_width_collapsed);
bodywrapper.css('margin-left', bw_margin_collapsed);
sidebarbutton.css({
'margin-left': '0',
'height': bodywrapper.height()
});
sidebarbutton.find('span').text('»');
sidebarbutton.attr('title', _('Expand sidebar'));
document.cookie = 'sidebar=collapsed';
}
function expand_sidebar() {
bodywrapper.css('margin-left', bw_margin_expanded);
sidebar.css('width', ssb_width_expanded);
sidebarwrapper.show();
sidebarbutton.css({
'margin-left': ssb_width_expanded-12,
'height': bodywrapper.height()
});
sidebarbutton.find('span').text('«');
sidebarbutton.attr('title', _('Collapse sidebar'));
document.cookie = 'sidebar=expanded';
}
function add_sidebar_button() {
sidebarwrapper.css({
'float': 'left',
'margin-right': '0',
'width': ssb_width_expanded - 28
});
// create the button
sidebar.append(
'<div id="sidebarbutton"><span>&laquo;</span></div>'
);
var sidebarbutton = $('#sidebarbutton');
light_color = sidebarbutton.css('background-color');
// find the height of the viewport to center the '<<' in the page
var viewport_height;
if (window.innerHeight)
viewport_height = window.innerHeight;
else
viewport_height = $(window).height();
sidebarbutton.find('span').css({
'display': 'block',
'margin-top': (viewport_height - sidebar.position().top - 20) / 2
});
sidebarbutton.click(toggle_sidebar);
sidebarbutton.attr('title', _('Collapse sidebar'));
sidebarbutton.css({
'color': '#FFFFFF',
'border-left': '1px solid ' + dark_color,
'font-size': '1.2em',
'cursor': 'pointer',
'height': bodywrapper.height(),
'padding-top': '1px',
'margin-left': ssb_width_expanded - 12
});
sidebarbutton.hover(
function () {
$(this).css('background-color', dark_color);
},
function () {
$(this).css('background-color', light_color);
}
);
}
function set_position_from_cookie() {
if (!document.cookie)
return;
var items = document.cookie.split(';');
for(var k=0; k<items.length; k++) {
var key_val = items[k].split('=');
var key = key_val[0];
if (key == 'sidebar') {
var value = key_val[1];
if ((value == 'collapsed') && (!sidebar_is_collapsed()))
collapse_sidebar();
else if ((value == 'expanded') && (sidebar_is_collapsed()))
expand_sidebar();
}
}
}
add_sidebar_button();
var sidebarbutton = $('#sidebarbutton');
set_position_from_cookie();
});
// Underscore.js 0.5.5
// (c) 2009 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
// Underscore is freely distributable under the terms of the MIT license.
// Portions of Underscore are inspired by or borrowed from Prototype.js,
// Oliver Steele's Functional, and John Resig's Micro-Templating.
// For all details and documentation:
// http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/
(function(){var j=this,n=j._,i=function(a){this._wrapped=a},m=typeof StopIteration!=="undefined"?StopIteration:"__break__",b=j._=function(a){return new i(a)};if(typeof exports!=="undefined")exports._=b;var k=Array.prototype.slice,o=Array.prototype.unshift,p=Object.prototype.toString,q=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,r=Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable;b.VERSION="0.5.5";b.each=function(a,c,d){try{if(a.forEach)a.forEach(c,d);else if(b.isArray(a)||b.isArguments(a))for(var e=0,f=a.length;e<f;e++)c.call(d,
a[e],e,a);else{var g=b.keys(a);f=g.length;for(e=0;e<f;e++)c.call(d,a[g[e]],g[e],a)}}catch(h){if(h!=m)throw h;}return a};b.map=function(a,c,d){if(a&&b.isFunction(a.map))return a.map(c,d);var e=[];b.each(a,function(f,g,h){e.push(c.call(d,f,g,h))});return e};b.reduce=function(a,c,d,e){if(a&&b.isFunction(a.reduce))return a.reduce(b.bind(d,e),c);b.each(a,function(f,g,h){c=d.call(e,c,f,g,h)});return c};b.reduceRight=function(a,c,d,e){if(a&&b.isFunction(a.reduceRight))return a.reduceRight(b.bind(d,e),c);
var f=b.clone(b.toArray(a)).reverse();b.each(f,function(g,h){c=d.call(e,c,g,h,a)});return c};b.detect=function(a,c,d){var e;b.each(a,function(f,g,h){if(c.call(d,f,g,h)){e=f;b.breakLoop()}});return e};b.select=function(a,c,d){if(a&&b.isFunction(a.filter))return a.filter(c,d);var e=[];b.each(a,function(f,g,h){c.call(d,f,g,h)&&e.push(f)});return e};b.reject=function(a,c,d){var e=[];b.each(a,function(f,g,h){!c.call(d,f,g,h)&&e.push(f)});return e};b.all=function(a,c,d){c=c||b.identity;if(a&&b.isFunction(a.every))return a.every(c,
d);var e=true;b.each(a,function(f,g,h){(e=e&&c.call(d,f,g,h))||b.breakLoop()});return e};b.any=function(a,c,d){c=c||b.identity;if(a&&b.isFunction(a.some))return a.some(c,d);var e=false;b.each(a,function(f,g,h){if(e=c.call(d,f,g,h))b.breakLoop()});return e};b.include=function(a,c){if(b.isArray(a))return b.indexOf(a,c)!=-1;var d=false;b.each(a,function(e){if(d=e===c)b.breakLoop()});return d};b.invoke=function(a,c){var d=b.rest(arguments,2);return b.map(a,function(e){return(c?e[c]:e).apply(e,d)})};b.pluck=
function(a,c){return b.map(a,function(d){return d[c]})};b.max=function(a,c,d){if(!c&&b.isArray(a))return Math.max.apply(Math,a);var e={computed:-Infinity};b.each(a,function(f,g,h){g=c?c.call(d,f,g,h):f;g>=e.computed&&(e={value:f,computed:g})});return e.value};b.min=function(a,c,d){if(!c&&b.isArray(a))return Math.min.apply(Math,a);var e={computed:Infinity};b.each(a,function(f,g,h){g=c?c.call(d,f,g,h):f;g<e.computed&&(e={value:f,computed:g})});return e.value};b.sortBy=function(a,c,d){return b.pluck(b.map(a,
function(e,f,g){return{value:e,criteria:c.call(d,e,f,g)}}).sort(function(e,f){e=e.criteria;f=f.criteria;return e<f?-1:e>f?1:0}),"value")};b.sortedIndex=function(a,c,d){d=d||b.identity;for(var e=0,f=a.length;e<f;){var g=e+f>>1;d(a[g])<d(c)?(e=g+1):(f=g)}return e};b.toArray=function(a){if(!a)return[];if(a.toArray)return a.toArray();if(b.isArray(a))return a;if(b.isArguments(a))return k.call(a);return b.values(a)};b.size=function(a){return b.toArray(a).length};b.first=function(a,c,d){return c&&!d?k.call(a,
0,c):a[0]};b.rest=function(a,c,d){return k.call(a,b.isUndefined(c)||d?1:c)};b.last=function(a){return a[a.length-1]};b.compact=function(a){return b.select(a,function(c){return!!c})};b.flatten=function(a){return b.reduce(a,[],function(c,d){if(b.isArray(d))return c.concat(b.flatten(d));c.push(d);return c})};b.without=function(a){var c=b.rest(arguments);return b.select(a,function(d){return!b.include(c,d)})};b.uniq=function(a,c){return b.reduce(a,[],function(d,e,f){if(0==f||(c===true?b.last(d)!=e:!b.include(d,
e)))d.push(e);return d})};b.intersect=function(a){var c=b.rest(arguments);return b.select(b.uniq(a),function(d){return b.all(c,function(e){return b.indexOf(e,d)>=0})})};b.zip=function(){for(var a=b.toArray(arguments),c=b.max(b.pluck(a,"length")),d=new Array(c),e=0;e<c;e++)d[e]=b.pluck(a,String(e));return d};b.indexOf=function(a,c){if(a.indexOf)return a.indexOf(c);for(var d=0,e=a.length;d<e;d++)if(a[d]===c)return d;return-1};b.lastIndexOf=function(a,c){if(a.lastIndexOf)return a.lastIndexOf(c);for(var d=
a.length;d--;)if(a[d]===c)return d;return-1};b.range=function(a,c,d){var e=b.toArray(arguments),f=e.length<=1;a=f?0:e[0];c=f?e[0]:e[1];d=e[2]||1;e=Math.ceil((c-a)/d);if(e<=0)return[];e=new Array(e);f=a;for(var g=0;1;f+=d){if((d>0?f-c:c-f)>=0)return e;e[g++]=f}};b.bind=function(a,c){var d=b.rest(arguments,2);return function(){return a.apply(c||j,d.concat(b.toArray(arguments)))}};b.bindAll=function(a){var c=b.rest(arguments);if(c.length==0)c=b.functions(a);b.each(c,function(d){a[d]=b.bind(a[d],a)});
return a};b.delay=function(a,c){var d=b.rest(arguments,2);return setTimeout(function(){return a.apply(a,d)},c)};b.defer=function(a){return b.delay.apply(b,[a,1].concat(b.rest(arguments)))};b.wrap=function(a,c){return function(){var d=[a].concat(b.toArray(arguments));return c.apply(c,d)}};b.compose=function(){var a=b.toArray(arguments);return function(){for(var c=b.toArray(arguments),d=a.length-1;d>=0;d--)c=[a[d].apply(this,c)];return c[0]}};b.keys=function(a){if(b.isArray(a))return b.range(0,a.length);
var c=[];for(var d in a)q.call(a,d)&&c.push(d);return c};b.values=function(a){return b.map(a,b.identity)};b.functions=function(a){return b.select(b.keys(a),function(c){return b.isFunction(a[c])}).sort()};b.extend=function(a,c){for(var d in c)a[d]=c[d];return a};b.clone=function(a){if(b.isArray(a))return a.slice(0);return b.extend({},a)};b.tap=function(a,c){c(a);return a};b.isEqual=function(a,c){if(a===c)return true;var d=typeof a;if(d!=typeof c)return false;if(a==c)return true;if(!a&&c||a&&!c)return false;
if(a.isEqual)return a.isEqual(c);if(b.isDate(a)&&b.isDate(c))return a.getTime()===c.getTime();if(b.isNaN(a)&&b.isNaN(c))return true;if(b.isRegExp(a)&&b.isRegExp(c))return a.source===c.source&&a.global===c.global&&a.ignoreCase===c.ignoreCase&&a.multiline===c.multiline;if(d!=="object")return false;if(a.length&&a.length!==c.length)return false;d=b.keys(a);var e=b.keys(c);if(d.length!=e.length)return false;for(var f in a)if(!b.isEqual(a[f],c[f]))return false;return true};b.isEmpty=function(a){return b.keys(a).length==
0};b.isElement=function(a){return!!(a&&a.nodeType==1)};b.isArray=function(a){return!!(a&&a.concat&&a.unshift)};b.isArguments=function(a){return a&&b.isNumber(a.length)&&!b.isArray(a)&&!r.call(a,"length")};b.isFunction=function(a){return!!(a&&a.constructor&&a.call&&a.apply)};b.isString=function(a){return!!(a===""||a&&a.charCodeAt&&a.substr)};b.isNumber=function(a){return p.call(a)==="[object Number]"};b.isDate=function(a){return!!(a&&a.getTimezoneOffset&&a.setUTCFullYear)};b.isRegExp=function(a){return!!(a&&
a.test&&a.exec&&(a.ignoreCase||a.ignoreCase===false))};b.isNaN=function(a){return b.isNumber(a)&&isNaN(a)};b.isNull=function(a){return a===null};b.isUndefined=function(a){return typeof a=="undefined"};b.noConflict=function(){j._=n;return this};b.identity=function(a){return a};b.breakLoop=function(){throw m;};var s=0;b.uniqueId=function(a){var c=s++;return a?a+c:c};b.template=function(a,c){a=new Function("obj","var p=[],print=function(){p.push.apply(p,arguments);};with(obj){p.push('"+a.replace(/[\r\t\n]/g,
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o.call(d,this._wrapped);return l(c.apply(b,d),this._chain)}});b.each(["pop","push","reverse","shift","sort","splice","unshift"],function(a){var c=Array.prototype[a];i.prototype[a]=function(){c.apply(this._wrapped,arguments);return l(this._wrapped,this._chain)}});b.each(["concat","join","slice"],function(a){var c=Array.prototype[a];i.prototype[a]=function(){return l(c.apply(this._wrapped,arguments),this._chain)}});i.prototype.chain=function(){this._chain=true;return this};i.prototype.value=function(){return this._wrapped}})();
/*
* websupport.js
* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
*
* sphinx.websupport utilties for all documentation.
*
* :copyright: Copyright 2007-2011 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
* :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
*
*/
(function($) {
$.fn.autogrow = function() {
return this.each(function() {
var textarea = this;
$.fn.autogrow.resize(textarea);
$(textarea)
.focus(function() {
textarea.interval = setInterval(function() {
$.fn.autogrow.resize(textarea);
}, 500);
})
.blur(function() {
clearInterval(textarea.interval);
});
});
};
$.fn.autogrow.resize = function(textarea) {
var lineHeight = parseInt($(textarea).css('line-height'), 10);
var lines = textarea.value.split('\n');
var columns = textarea.cols;
var lineCount = 0;
$.each(lines, function() {
lineCount += Math.ceil(this.length / columns) || 1;
});
var height = lineHeight * (lineCount + 1);
$(textarea).css('height', height);
};
})(jQuery);
(function($) {
var comp, by;
function init() {
initEvents();
initComparator();
}
function initEvents() {
$('a.comment-close').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
hide($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
});
$('a.vote').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
handleVote($(this));
});
$('a.reply').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
openReply($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
});
$('a.close-reply').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
closeReply($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
});
$('a.sort-option').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
handleReSort($(this));
});
$('a.show-proposal').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
showProposal($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
});
$('a.hide-proposal').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
hideProposal($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
});
$('a.show-propose-change').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
showProposeChange($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
});
$('a.hide-propose-change').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
hideProposeChange($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
});
$('a.accept-comment').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
acceptComment($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
});
$('a.delete-comment').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
deleteComment($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
});
$('a.comment-markup').live("click", function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
toggleCommentMarkupBox($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
});
}
/**
* Set comp, which is a comparator function used for sorting and
* inserting comments into the list.
*/
function setComparator() {
// If the first three letters are "asc", sort in ascending order
// and remove the prefix.
if (by.substring(0,3) == 'asc') {
var i = by.substring(3);
comp = function(a, b) { return a[i] - b[i]; };
} else {
// Otherwise sort in descending order.
comp = function(a, b) { return b[by] - a[by]; };
}
// Reset link styles and format the selected sort option.
$('a.sel').attr('href', '#').removeClass('sel');
$('a.by' + by).removeAttr('href').addClass('sel');
}
/**
* Create a comp function. If the user has preferences stored in
* the sortBy cookie, use those, otherwise use the default.
*/
function initComparator() {
by = 'rating'; // Default to sort by rating.
// If the sortBy cookie is set, use that instead.
if (document.cookie.length > 0) {
var start = document.cookie.indexOf('sortBy=');
if (start != -1) {
start = start + 7;
var end = document.cookie.indexOf(";", start);
if (end == -1) {
end = document.cookie.length;
by = unescape(document.cookie.substring(start, end));
}
}
}
setComparator();
}
/**
* Show a comment div.
*/
function show(id) {
$('#ao' + id).hide();
$('#ah' + id).show();
var context = $.extend({id: id}, opts);
var popup = $(renderTemplate(popupTemplate, context)).hide();
popup.find('textarea[name="proposal"]').hide();
popup.find('a.by' + by).addClass('sel');
var form = popup.find('#cf' + id);
form.submit(function(event) {
event.preventDefault();
addComment(form);
});
$('#s' + id).after(popup);
popup.slideDown('fast', function() {
getComments(id);
});
}
/**
* Hide a comment div.
*/
function hide(id) {
$('#ah' + id).hide();
$('#ao' + id).show();
var div = $('#sc' + id);
div.slideUp('fast', function() {
div.remove();
});
}
/**
* Perform an ajax request to get comments for a node
* and insert the comments into the comments tree.
*/
function getComments(id) {
$.ajax({
type: 'GET',
url: opts.getCommentsURL,
data: {node: id},
success: function(data, textStatus, request) {
var ul = $('#cl' + id);
var speed = 100;
$('#cf' + id)
.find('textarea[name="proposal"]')
.data('source', data.source);
if (data.comments.length === 0) {
ul.html('<li>No comments yet.</li>');
ul.data('empty', true);
} else {
// If there are comments, sort them and put them in the list.
var comments = sortComments(data.comments);
speed = data.comments.length * 100;
appendComments(comments, ul);
ul.data('empty', false);
}
$('#cn' + id).slideUp(speed + 200);
ul.slideDown(speed);
},
error: function(request, textStatus, error) {
showError('Oops, there was a problem retrieving the comments.');
},
dataType: 'json'
});
}
/**
* Add a comment via ajax and insert the comment into the comment tree.
*/
function addComment(form) {
var node_id = form.find('input[name="node"]').val();
var parent_id = form.find('input[name="parent"]').val();
var text = form.find('textarea[name="comment"]').val();
var proposal = form.find('textarea[name="proposal"]').val();
if (text == '') {
showError('Please enter a comment.');
return;
}
// Disable the form that is being submitted.
form.find('textarea,input').attr('disabled', 'disabled');
// Send the comment to the server.
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: opts.addCommentURL,
dataType: 'json',
data: {
node: node_id,
parent: parent_id,
text: text,
proposal: proposal
},
success: function(data, textStatus, error) {
// Reset the form.
if (node_id) {
hideProposeChange(node_id);
}
form.find('textarea')
.val('')
.add(form.find('input'))
.removeAttr('disabled');
var ul = $('#cl' + (node_id || parent_id));
if (ul.data('empty')) {
$(ul).empty();
ul.data('empty', false);
}
insertComment(data.comment);
var ao = $('#ao' + node_id);
ao.find('img').attr({'src': opts.commentBrightImage});
if (node_id) {
// if this was a "root" comment, remove the commenting box
// (the user can get it back by reopening the comment popup)
$('#ca' + node_id).slideUp();
}
},
error: function(request, textStatus, error) {
form.find('textarea,input').removeAttr('disabled');
showError('Oops, there was a problem adding the comment.');
}
});
}
/**
* Recursively append comments to the main comment list and children
* lists, creating the comment tree.
*/
function appendComments(comments, ul) {
$.each(comments, function() {
var div = createCommentDiv(this);
ul.append($(document.createElement('li')).html(div));
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<div class="section" id="argument-validation">
<h1>Argument validation<a class="headerlink" href="#argument-validation" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>CorePost integrates the popular &#8216;formencode&#8217; package to implement form and query argument validation.
Validators can be specified using a <em>formencode</em> Schema object, or via custom field-specific validators.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">corepost.web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">validate</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">route</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">corepost.enums</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Http</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">formencode</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Schema</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">validators</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TestSchema</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Schema</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">allow_extra_fields</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">True</span>
<span class="n">childId</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">validators</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Regex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">regex</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;^value1|value2$&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyApp</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/validate/&lt;int:rootId&gt;/schema&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@validate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">schema</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">TestSchema</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">postValidateSchema</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">rootId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">childId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&#39;&#39;&#39;Validate using a common schema&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s"> - </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s"> - </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rootId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">childId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/validate/&lt;int:rootId&gt;/custom&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@validate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">childId</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">validators</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Regex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">regex</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;^value1|value2$&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">postValidateCustom</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">rootId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">childId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&#39;&#39;&#39;Validate using argument-specific validators&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s"> - </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s"> - </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rootId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">childId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Please see the <em>FormEncode</em> documentation:</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/Validator.html">http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/Validator.html</a></p>
<p>for list of available validators:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Common : <a class="reference external" href="http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/validators.html#module-formencode.validators">http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/validators.html#module-formencode.validators</a></li>
<li>National : <a class="reference external" href="http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/national.html#module-formencode.national">http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/national.html#module-formencode.national</a></li>
</ul>
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<h1>Asynchronous Operations<a class="headerlink" href="#asynchronous-operations" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="section" id="defer-inlinecallbacks-support">
<h2>&#64;defer.inlineCallbacks support<a class="headerlink" href="#defer-inlinecallbacks-support" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you want a deferred async method, just use <em>defer.returnValue()</em>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@defer.inlineCallbacks</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">root</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">val1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;SELECT ....&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">val2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;SELECT ....&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">defer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">returnValue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">val2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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<p>This is standard Twisted functionality.</p>
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<div class="section" id="content-types">
<h1>Content types<a class="headerlink" href="#content-types" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>CorePost integrates support for JSON, YAML and XML (partially) based on request content types.</p>
<div class="section" id="parsing-of-incoming-content">
<h2>Parsing of incoming content<a class="headerlink" href="#parsing-of-incoming-content" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests,
the body will be automatically parsed to JSON, YAML and XML (ElementTree)</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>request.json</li>
<li>request.yaml</li>
<li>request.xml</li>
</ul>
<p>and attached to the request:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/json&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">json</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dumps</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/xml&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_xml</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">ElementTree</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tostring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xml</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/yaml&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_yaml</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">yaml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dump</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yaml</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="section" id="converting-python-objects-to-expected-content-type">
<h2>Converting Python objects to expected content type<a class="headerlink" href="#converting-python-objects-to-expected-content-type" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Instead of returning string responses, the code can just return Python objects.
Depending whether the caller can accept JSON (default) or YAML, the Python objects will be automatically converted:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/return/by/accept&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_return_content_by_accepts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[{</span><span class="s">&quot;test1&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s">&quot;Test1&quot;</span><span class="p">},{</span><span class="s">&quot;test2&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s">&quot;Test2&quot;</span><span class="p">}]</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">val</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Calling this URL with &#8220;Accept: application/json&#8221; will return:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">[{</span><span class="s">&quot;test1&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test1&quot;</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;test2&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test2&quot;</span><span class="p">}]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Calling it with &#8220;Accept: text/yaml&#8221; will return:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Test1</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">test2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Test2</span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#converting-python-objects-to-expected-content-type">Converting Python objects to expected content type</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="features">
<h1>Features<a class="headerlink" href="#features" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Here is a breakdown of key CorePost features</p>
<div class="section" id="url-routing">
<h2>URL Routing<a class="headerlink" href="#url-routing" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="route-decorator">
<h3>&#64;route decorator<a class="headerlink" href="#route-decorator" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Via a simple <em>&#64;route</em> decorator you can automatically route <em>twisted.web</em> Request objects to your class method
based on URL (with dynamic paths), HTTP method, expected content type, etc:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">corepost.web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">route</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">RESTResource</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">corepost.enums</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Http</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">RESTService</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">root</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/test&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/test/&lt;int:numericid&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_get_resources</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">numericid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">numericid</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RESTResource</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">RESTService</span><span class="p">,))</span>
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><em>Note</em>:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>This piece of code:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>is just for convenience when showing code samples and writing unit tests.
In a real production application you would use existing Twisted <em>twistd</em> functionality:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/basics.html">http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/basics.html</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/application.html">http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/application.html</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/tap.html">http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/tap.html</a></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="path-argument-extraction">
<h3>Path argument extraction<a class="headerlink" href="#path-argument-extraction" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>CorePort can easily extract path arguments from an URL and convert them to the desired type.</p>
<p>The supported types are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><em>int</em></li>
<li><em>float</em></li>
<li><em>string</em></li>
</ul>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/int/&lt;int:intarg&gt;/float/&lt;float:floatarg&gt;/string/&lt;stringarg&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">intarg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">floatarg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">stringarg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="argument-validation">
<h3>Argument validation<a class="headerlink" href="#argument-validation" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>CorePost integrates the popular &#8216;formencode&#8217; package to implement form and query argument validation.
Validators can be specified using a <em>formencode</em> Schema object, or via custom field-specific validators.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>from corepost.web import validate, route
from corepost.enums import Http
from formencode import Schema, validators
class TestSchema(Schema):
allow_extra_fields = True
childId = validators.Regex(regex="^value1|value2$")
class MyApp():
@route("/validate/&lt;int:rootId&gt;/schema",Http.POST)
@validate(schema=TestSchema())
def postValidateSchema(self,request,rootId,childId,**kwargs):
'''Validate using a common schema'''
return "%s - %s - %s" % (rootId,childId,kwargs)
@route("/validate/&lt;int:rootId&gt;/custom",Http.POST)
@validate(childId=validators.Regex(regex="^value1|value2$"))
def postValidateCustom(self,request,rootId,childId,**kwargs):
'''Validate using argument-specific validators'
return "%s - %s - %s" % (rootId,childId,kwargs)</pre>
</div>
<p>Please see the <em>FormEncode</em> &lt;<a class="reference external" href="http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/Validator.html">http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/Validator.html</a>&gt; documentation
for list of available validators:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Common &lt;<a class="reference external" href="http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/validators.html#module-formencode.validators">http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/validators.html#module-formencode.validators</a>&gt;</li>
<li>National &lt;<a class="reference external" href="http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/national.html#module-formencode.national">http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/national.html#module-formencode.national</a>&gt;</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="multiple-rest-services-under-a-common-root-url">
<h3>Multiple REST services under a common root URL<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-rest-services-under-a-common-root-url" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>A typical case in REST is where you have parent/child resources (business entities), e.g.</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>Customer
Customer Address
Customer Phone
Customer Order
Customer Invoice
Customer Invoice Payment</pre>
</div>
<p>etc.</p>
<p>This can create a URL structure like:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>/customer
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/address
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/address/&lt;addressId&gt;
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/phone
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/phone/&lt;phoneId&gt;
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/invoice
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/invoice/&lt;invoiceId&gt;
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/invoice/&lt;invoiceId&gt;/payment
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/invoice/&lt;invoiceId&gt;/payment/&lt;paymentId&gt;</pre>
</div>
<p>CorePost allows you to write small, modular classes that implement a REST service for just a single entity,
driven by URL paths with dynamic elements in them (e.g. the <em>customerId</em>, <em>invoiceId</em>, <em>paymentId</em> path parameters in the sample above).
You do not have to mesh all these different entities in a single class.</p>
<p>At the end, you wrap all of the different REST services in a single <em>RESTResource</em> object (which extends the regular Twisted Web Resource object)
and it takes care of routing the request to the appropriate class.</p>
<p>Here is a full-blown example of two REST services for Customer and Customer Address:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">corepost</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NotFoundException</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">AlreadyExistsException</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">corepost.web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">RESTResource</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">route</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Http</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CustomerRESTService</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;/customer&quot;</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getAllCustomers</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;customerId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">firstName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">lastName</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">customer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Customer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">firstName</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lastName</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">saveCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">201</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;customerId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">firstName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">lastName</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">firstName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lastName</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">firstName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">lastName</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;customerId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DELETE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">deleteCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DELETE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">deleteAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">deleteAllCustomers</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CustomerAddressRESTService</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/address&quot;</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addresses</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;addressId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomerAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">stateCode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">countryCode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">address</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CustomerAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">streetNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">stateCode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">countryCode</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addresses</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">address</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">201</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;addressId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">stateCode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">countryCode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">address</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomerAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">streetNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">streetName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stateCode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">countryCode</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">streetNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">stateCode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">countryCode</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;addressId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DELETE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomerAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c">#validate address exists</span>
<span class="k">del</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addresses</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DELETE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">deleteAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addresses</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">run_rest_app</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RESTResource</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">CustomerRESTService</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="n">CustomerAddressRESTService</span><span class="p">()))</span>
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8080</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">&quot;__main__&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">run_rest_app</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="content-types">
<h2>Content types<a class="headerlink" href="#content-types" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>CorePost integrates support for JSON, YAML and XML (partially) based on request content types.</p>
<p><em>Parsing of incoming content</em></p>
<p>Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests,
the body will be automatically parsed to JSON, YAML and XML (ElementTree)</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>request.json</li>
<li>request.yaml</li>
<li>request.xml</li>
</ul>
<p>and attached to the request:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/json&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">json</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dumps</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/xml&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_xml</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">ElementTree</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tostring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xml</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/yaml&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_yaml</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">yaml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dump</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yaml</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="routing-requests-by-incoming-content-type">
<h3>Routing requests by incoming content type<a class="headerlink" href="#routing-requests-by-incoming-content-type" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests, the <em>same</em> URL can be hooked up to different router methods:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/by/content&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">MediaType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">APPLICATION_JSON</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_content_app_json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">received_headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">HttpHeader</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONTENT_TYPE</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/by/content&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="n">MediaType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TEXT_XML</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">MediaType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">APPLICATION_XML</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_content_xml</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">received_headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">HttpHeader</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONTENT_TYPE</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/by/content&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">MediaType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TEXT_YAML</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_content_yaml</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">received_headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">HttpHeader</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONTENT_TYPE</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/by/content&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_content_catch_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">MediaType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">WILDCARD</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="converting-python-objects-to-content-type-based-on-what-caller-can-accept">
<h3>Converting Python objects to content type based on what caller can accept<a class="headerlink" href="#converting-python-objects-to-content-type-based-on-what-caller-can-accept" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Instead of returning string responses, the code can just return Python objects.
Depending whether the caller can accept JSON (default) or YAML, the Python objects will be automatically converted:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/return/by/accept&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_return_content_by_accepts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[{</span><span class="s">&quot;test1&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s">&quot;Test1&quot;</span><span class="p">},{</span><span class="s">&quot;test2&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s">&quot;Test2&quot;</span><span class="p">}]</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">val</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Calling this URL with &#8220;Accept: application/json&#8221; will return:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">[{</span><span class="s">&quot;test1&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test1&quot;</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;test2&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test2&quot;</span><span class="p">}]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Calling it with &#8220;Accept: text/yaml&#8221; will return:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">test1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Test1</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">test2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Test2</span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="filters">
<h2>Filters<a class="headerlink" href="#filters" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>There is support for CorePost resource filters via the two following <em>corepost.filter</em> interfaces:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">IRequestFilter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Request filter interface&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterRequest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Allows to intercept and change an incoming request&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">IResponseFilter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Response filter interface&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterResponse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Allows to intercept and change an outgoing response&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>A filter class can implement either of them or both (for a wrap around filter), e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">AddCustomHeaderFilter</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Implements a request filter that adds a custom header to the incoming request&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">zope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">implements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IRequestFilter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterRequest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">received_headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;Custom-Header&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Custom Header Value&quot;</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Change404to503Filter</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Implements just a response filter that changes 404 to 503 statuses&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">zope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">implements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IResponseFilter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterResponse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">404</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">503</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">WrapAroundFilter</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Implements both types of filters in one class&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">zope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">implements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IRequestFilter</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">IResponseFilter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterRequest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">received_headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;X-Wrap-Input&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Input&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterResponse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;X-Wrap-Output&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Output&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In order to activate the filters on a RESTResource instance, you need to pass a list of them in the constructor as the <em>filters</em> parameter, e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>class FilterApp():
@route("/",Http.GET)
def root(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers
def run_filter_app():
app = RESTResource(services=((FilterApp(),),filters=(Change404to503Filter(),AddCustomHeaderFilter(),WrapAroundFilter(),))
app.run(8083)</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="asynchronous-operations">
<h2>Asynchronous Operations<a class="headerlink" href="#asynchronous-operations" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="defer-inlinecallbacks-support">
<h3>&#64;defer.inlineCallbacks support<a class="headerlink" href="#defer-inlinecallbacks-support" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you want a deferred async method, just use <em>defer.returnValue()</em>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@defer.inlineCallbacks</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">root</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">val1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;SELECT ....&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">val2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;SELECT ....&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">defer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">returnValue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">val2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is standard Twisted functionality.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="http-codes">
<h2>HTTP codes<a class="headerlink" href="#http-codes" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>By default, CorePost returns the appropriate HTTP code based on the HTTP method:</p>
<p>Success:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>200 (OK) - GET, DELETE, PUT</li>
<li>201 (Created) - POST</li>
</ul>
<p>Errors:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>404 - not able to match any URL</li>
<li>400 - missing mandatory argument (driven from the arguments on the actual functions)</li>
<li>400 - argument failed validation</li>
<li>500 - server error</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Features</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#url-routing">URL Routing</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#route-decorator">&#64;route decorator</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#path-argument-extraction">Path argument extraction</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#argument-validation">Argument validation</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#multiple-rest-services-under-a-common-root-url">Multiple REST services under a common root URL</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#content-types">Content types</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#routing-requests-by-incoming-content-type">Routing requests by incoming content type</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#converting-python-objects-to-content-type-based-on-what-caller-can-accept">Converting Python objects to content type based on what caller can accept</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#filters">Filters</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#asynchronous-operations">Asynchronous Operations</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#defer-inlinecallbacks-support">&#64;defer.inlineCallbacks support</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#http-codes">HTTP codes</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="filters">
<h1>Filters<a class="headerlink" href="#filters" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>There is support for CorePost resource filters via the two following <em>corepost.filter</em> interfaces:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">IRequestFilter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Request filter interface&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterRequest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Allows to intercept and change an incoming request&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">IResponseFilter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Response filter interface&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterResponse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Allows to intercept and change an outgoing response&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>A filter class can implement either of them or both (for a wrap around filter), e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">AddCustomHeaderFilter</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Implements a request filter that adds a custom header to the incoming request&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">zope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">implements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IRequestFilter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterRequest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">received_headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;Custom-Header&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Custom Header Value&quot;</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Change404to503Filter</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Implements just a response filter that changes 404 to 503 statuses&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">zope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">implements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IResponseFilter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterResponse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">404</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">503</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">WrapAroundFilter</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Implements both types of filters in one class&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">zope</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">implements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IRequestFilter</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">IResponseFilter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterRequest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">received_headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;X-Wrap-Input&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Input&quot;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">filterResponse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;X-Wrap-Output&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Output&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In order to activate the filters on a RESTResource instance, you need to pass a list of them in the constructor as the <em>filters</em> parameter, e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">FilterApp</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">root</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">received_headers</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">run_filter_app</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RESTResource</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">services</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FilterApp</span><span class="p">(),),</span><span class="n">filters</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Change404to503Filter</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="n">AddCustomHeaderFilter</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="n">WrapAroundFilter</span><span class="p">(),))</span>
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8083</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<h2>What is CorePost?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-corepost" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>CorePost is a Python REST micro-framework. It is meant for building enterprise-grade REST server applications that provide
API services to other applications and/or a UI layer (coded in any framework or language).</p>
<p>More importantly, CorePost is an asynchronous I/O web framework (similar to Node.js).
Hence it relies on asynchronous I/O operations, which are extremely efficient, but somewhat more complicated to code.</p>
<p>Fortunately, CorePost does not create it&#8217;s own async I/O library, but instead uses under the mature, well documented
and extremely well designed Twisted library, in particular its web layer (known simply as twisted.web)</p>
<p>Coupled with a JIT runtime like PyPy, this should give you the ability to develop REST server side applications
that will be extremely performant in production, yet (hopefully) fun and productive to develop.</p>
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<h2>What is Twisted?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-twisted" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Twisted is a very mature Python async I/O network toolkit:</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/">http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/</a></p>
<p>Understanding core principles behind Twisted and its APIs is required (at least at a basic level) before coding any CorePost application.</p>
<p>Hence we recommend either reading the very thorough developer&#8217;s guide:</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/book.pdf">http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/book.pdf</a></p>
<p>or the excellent Twisted tutorials from Dave Peticolas:</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://krondo.com/blog/?page_id=1327">http://krondo.com/blog/?page_id=1327</a></p>
<p>In particular, understanding the core Twisted Deferred object (and its productive inline callback approach) are crucial
to productive usage of Twisted APIs for writing asynchronous web applications.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="what-does-corepost-add-on-top-of-twisted-web">
<h2>What does CorePost add on top of Twisted Web?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-does-corepost-add-on-top-of-twisted-web" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Mostly productivity features that take of low-level plumbing such as:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>routing request to handler methods</li>
<li>automatic parsing of JSON/YAML/XML input</li>
<li>automatic conversion of Python objects and classes to JSON / YAML / XML formats</li>
<li>simplified exception handling</li>
<li>custom request / response filters</li>
</ul>
<p>However, this is a very thin layer. Once you get to write some serious code that interacts with an external system (e.g. a SQL database)
you are writing a hard-code Twisted web application. CorePost is just there to make it easier for you and let you focus on business logic,
while letting it take care of common required plumbing. That&#8217;s it.</p>
<p>A CorePost application is nothing more than a <em>twisted.web</em> application under the hood.</p>
</div>
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<h2>Why would I use CorePost instead of Node.js?<a class="headerlink" href="#why-would-i-use-corepost-instead-of-node-js" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>As you develop more Twisted code, you will realize how its elegant and powerful <em>Deferred</em> object
(and especially inline callbacks) make developing <em>readable</em> asynchronous code much more pleasant than any other solution.</p>
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<div class="section" id="modular-rest-applications">
<h1>Modular REST applications<a class="headerlink" href="#modular-rest-applications" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>A typical case in REST is where you have parent/child resources (business entities), e.g.</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>Customer
Customer Address
Customer Phone
Customer Order
Customer Invoice
Customer Invoice Payment</pre>
</div>
<p>etc.</p>
<p>This can create a URL structure like:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>/customer
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/address
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/address/&lt;addressId&gt;
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/phone
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/phone/&lt;phoneId&gt;
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/invoice
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/invoice/&lt;invoiceId&gt;
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/invoice/&lt;invoiceId&gt;/payment
/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/invoice/&lt;invoiceId&gt;/payment/&lt;paymentId&gt;</pre>
</div>
<p>CorePost allows you to write small, modular classes that implement a REST service for just a single entity,
driven by URL paths with dynamic elements in them (e.g. the <em>customerId</em>, <em>invoiceId</em>, <em>paymentId</em> path parameters in the sample above).
You do not have to mesh all these different entities in a single class.</p>
<p>At the end, you wrap all of the different REST services in a single <em>RESTResource</em> object (which extends the regular Twisted Web Resource object)
and it takes care of routing the request to the appropriate class.</p>
<p>Here is a full-blown example of two REST services for Customer and Customer Address:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">corepost</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NotFoundException</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">AlreadyExistsException</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">corepost.web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">RESTResource</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">route</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Http</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CustomerRESTService</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;/customer&quot;</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getAllCustomers</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;customerId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">firstName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">lastName</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">customer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Customer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">firstName</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lastName</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">saveCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">201</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;customerId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">firstName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">lastName</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">firstName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lastName</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">firstName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">lastName</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;customerId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DELETE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">deleteCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DELETE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">deleteAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">deleteAllCustomers</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CustomerAddressRESTService</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;/customer/&lt;customerId&gt;/address&quot;</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addresses</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;addressId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomerAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">stateCode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">countryCode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">address</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CustomerAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">streetNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">stateCode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">countryCode</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addresses</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">address</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">201</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;addressId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">stateCode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">countryCode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">address</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomerAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">streetNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">streetName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stateCode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">countryCode</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">streetNumber</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">streetName</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">stateCode</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">countryCode</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&lt;addressId&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DELETE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomerAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c">#validate address exists</span>
<span class="k">del</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addresses</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">addressId</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DELETE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">deleteAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DB</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getCustomer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">customerId</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addresses</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">run_rest_app</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RESTResource</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">CustomerRESTService</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="n">CustomerAddressRESTService</span><span class="p">()))</span>
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8080</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">&quot;__main__&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">run_rest_app</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<div class="section" id="url-routing">
<h1>URL Routing<a class="headerlink" href="#url-routing" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="section" id="route-decorator">
<h2>&#64;route decorator<a class="headerlink" href="#route-decorator" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Via a simple <em>&#64;route</em> decorator you can automatically route <em>twisted.web</em> Request objects to your class method
based on URL (with dynamic paths), HTTP method, expected content type, etc:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">corepost.web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">route</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">RESTResource</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">corepost.enums</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Http</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">RESTService</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">root</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/test&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/test/&lt;int:numericid&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_get_resources</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">numericid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">numericid</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RESTResource</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">RESTService</span><span class="p">,))</span>
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><em>Note</em>:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>This piece of code:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>is just for convenience when showing code samples and writing unit tests.
In a real production application you would use existing Twisted <em>twistd</em> functionality:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/basics.html">http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/basics.html</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/application.html">http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/application.html</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/tap.html">http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/tap.html</a></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="path-argument-extraction">
<h2>Path argument extraction<a class="headerlink" href="#path-argument-extraction" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>CorePort can easily extract path arguments from an URL and convert them to the desired type.</p>
<p>The supported types are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><em>int</em></li>
<li><em>float</em></li>
<li><em>string</em></li>
</ul>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/int/&lt;int:intarg&gt;/float/&lt;float:floatarg&gt;/string/&lt;stringarg&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GET</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">intarg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">floatarg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">stringarg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="routing-requests-by-incoming-content-type">
<h2>Routing requests by incoming content type<a class="headerlink" href="#routing-requests-by-incoming-content-type" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests, the <em>same</em> URL can be hooked up to different router methods:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/by/content&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">MediaType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">APPLICATION_JSON</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_content_app_json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">received_headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">HttpHeader</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONTENT_TYPE</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/by/content&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="n">MediaType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TEXT_XML</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">MediaType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">APPLICATION_XML</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_content_xml</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">received_headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">HttpHeader</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONTENT_TYPE</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/by/content&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">MediaType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TEXT_YAML</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_content_yaml</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">received_headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">HttpHeader</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONTENT_TYPE</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nd">@route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/post/by/content&quot;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POST</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PUT</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_content_catch_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">MediaType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">WILDCARD</span>
</pre></div>
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">URL Routing</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#route-decorator">&#64;route decorator</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#path-argument-extraction">Path argument extraction</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#routing-requests-by-incoming-content-type">Routing requests by incoming content type</a></li>
</ul>
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Chapter 1.
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Chapter 2.
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\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.1}{A Twisted REST micro-framework}{}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.1}{Introduction}{chapter.1}
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.2}{Features}{}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.1}{URL Routing}{chapter.2}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.2}{Argument parsing}{chapter.2}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.3}{Argument validation}{chapter.2}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.4}{Content types}{chapter.2}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.5}{Filters}{chapter.2}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.6}{HTTP codes}{chapter.2}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.7}{Asynchronous Operations}{chapter.2}
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.8}{Modular REST applications}{chapter.2}
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\title{CorePost Documentation}
\date{March 19, 2012}
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\author{Jacek Furmankiewicz}
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\begin{document}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents
\phantomsection\label{index::doc}
\chapter{A Twisted REST micro-framework}
\label{index:a-twisted-rest-micro-framework}\label{index:corepost}
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro:introduction}\label{intro::doc}
\subsection{What is CorePost?}
\label{intro:what-is-corepost}
CorePost is a Python REST micro-framework. It is meant for building enterprise-grade REST server applications that provide
API services to other applications and/or a UI layer (coded in any framework or language).
More importantly, CorePost is an asynchronous I/O web framework (similar to Node.js).
Hence it relies on asynchronous I/O operations, which are extremely efficient, but somewhat more complicated to code.
Fortunately, CorePost does not create it's own async I/O library, but instead uses under the mature, well documented
and extremely well designed Twisted library, in particular its web layer (known simply as twisted.web)
Coupled with a JIT runtime like PyPy, this should give you the ability to develop REST server side applications
that will be extremely performant in production, yet (hopefully) fun and productive to develop.
\subsection{What is Twisted?}
\label{intro:what-is-twisted}
Twisted is a very mature Python async I/O network toolkit:
\href{http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/}{http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/}
Understanding core principles behind Twisted and its APIs is required (at least at a basic level) before coding any CorePost application.
Hence we recommend either reading the very thorough developer's guide:
\href{http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/book.pdf}{http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/book.pdf}
or the excellent Twisted tutorials from Dave Peticolas:
\href{http://krondo.com/blog/?page\_id=1327}{http://krondo.com/blog/?page\_id=1327}
In particular, understanding the core Twisted Deferred object (and its productive inline callback approach) are crucial
to productive usage of Twisted APIs for writing asynchronous web applications.
\subsection{What does CorePost add on top of Twisted Web?}
\label{intro:what-does-corepost-add-on-top-of-twisted-web}
Mostly productivity features that take of low-level plumbing such as:
\begin{itemize}
\item {}
routing request to handler methods
\item {}
automatic parsing of JSON/YAML/XML input
\item {}
automatic conversion of Python objects and classes to JSON / YAML / XML formats
\item {}
simplified exception handling
\item {}
custom request / response filters
\end{itemize}
However, this is a very thin layer. Once you get to write some serious code that interacts with an external system (e.g. a SQL database)
you are writing a hard-code Twisted web application. CorePost is just there to make it easier for you and let you focus on business logic,
while letting it take care of common required plumbing. That's it.
A CorePost application is nothing more than a \emph{twisted.web} application under the hood.
\subsection{Why would I use CorePost instead of Node.js?}
\label{intro:why-would-i-use-corepost-instead-of-node-js}
As you develop more Twisted code, you will realize how its elegant and powerful \emph{Deferred} object
(and especially inline callbacks) make developing \emph{readable} asynchronous code much more pleasant than any other solution.
\chapter{Features}
\label{index:features}
\section{URL Routing}
\label{url_routing::doc}\label{url_routing:url-routing}
\subsection{@route decorator}
\label{url_routing:route-decorator}
Via a simple \emph{@route} decorator you can automatically route \emph{twisted.web} Request objects to your class method
based on URL (with dynamic paths), HTTP method, expected content type, etc:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{k+kn}{from} \PYG{n+nn}{corepost.web} \PYG{k+kn}{import} \PYG{n}{route}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{RESTResource}
\PYG{k+kn}{from} \PYG{n+nn}{corepost.enums} \PYG{k+kn}{import} \PYG{n}{Http}
\PYG{k}{class} \PYG{n+nc}{RESTService}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{GET}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{root}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{request}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{path}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/test}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{GET}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{test}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{request}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{path}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/test/\textless{}int:numericid\textgreater{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{GET}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{test\PYGZus{}get\PYGZus{}resources}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{numericid}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{"} \PYG{o}{\PYGZpc{}} \PYG{n}{numericid}
\PYG{k}{if} \PYG{n}{\PYGZus{}\PYGZus{}name\PYGZus{}\PYGZus{}} \PYG{o}{==} \PYG{l+s}{'}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZus{}\PYGZus{}main\PYGZus{}\PYGZus{}}\PYG{l+s}{'}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{app} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n}{RESTResource}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{RESTService}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n}{app}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{run}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\emph{Note}:
\begin{quote}
This piece of code:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{n}{app}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{run}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
is just for convenience when showing code samples and writing unit tests.
In a real production application you would use existing Twisted \emph{twistd} functionality:
\begin{itemize}
\item {}
\href{http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/basics.html}{http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/basics.html}
\item {}
\href{http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/application.html}{http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/application.html}
\item {}
\href{http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/tap.html}{http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/tap.html}
\end{itemize}
\end{quote}
\subsection{Path argument extraction}
\label{url_routing:path-argument-extraction}
CorePort can easily extract path arguments from an URL and convert them to the desired type.
The supported types are:
\begin{itemize}
\item {}
\emph{int}
\item {}
\emph{float}
\item {}
\emph{string}
\end{itemize}
Example:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/int/\textless{}int:intarg\textgreater{}/float/\textless{}float:floatarg\textgreater{}/string/\textless{}stringarg\textgreater{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{GET}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{test}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{intarg}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{floatarg}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{stringarg}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{pass}
\end{Verbatim}
\subsection{Routing requests by incoming content type}
\label{url_routing:routing-requests-by-incoming-content-type}
Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests, the \emph{same} URL can be hooked up to different router methods:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/post/by/content}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{PUT}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{MediaType}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{APPLICATION\PYGZus{}JSON}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{test\PYGZus{}content\PYGZus{}app\PYGZus{}json}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{request}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{received\PYGZus{}headers}\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{n}{HttpHeader}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{CONTENT\PYGZus{}TYPE}\PYG{p}{]}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/post/by/content}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{PUT}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{MediaType}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{TEXT\PYGZus{}XML}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{MediaType}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{APPLICATION\PYGZus{}XML}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{test\PYGZus{}content\PYGZus{}xml}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{request}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{received\PYGZus{}headers}\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{n}{HttpHeader}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{CONTENT\PYGZus{}TYPE}\PYG{p}{]}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/post/by/content}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{PUT}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{MediaType}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{TEXT\PYGZus{}YAML}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{test\PYGZus{}content\PYGZus{}yaml}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{request}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{received\PYGZus{}headers}\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{n}{HttpHeader}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{CONTENT\PYGZus{}TYPE}\PYG{p}{]}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/post/by/content}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{PUT}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{test\PYGZus{}content\PYGZus{}catch\PYGZus{}all}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{MediaType}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{WILDCARD}
\end{Verbatim}
\section{Argument parsing}
\label{argument_parsing::doc}\label{argument_parsing:argument-parsing}
CorePost can automatically parse query arguments, form arguments, as well as basic JSON, YAML and XML documents
and extract those as direct arguments to a REST router method.
Let's say we have a basic method that responds to GET, POST and PUT requests.
It expects a first name and last name and outputs them back in the response:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{n+nd}{@router}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/name}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{GET}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{PUT}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{getName}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{first}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{last}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{ }\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{"} \PYG{o}{\PYGZpc{}} \PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{first}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{last}\PYG{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\subsection{Query arguments}
\label{argument_parsing:query-arguments}
For GET requests, the query arguments will be automatically parsed, e.g.:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
curl http://127.0.0.1/name?first=John\&last=Doe
\end{Verbatim}
\subsection{Form encoded arguments}
\label{argument_parsing:form-encoded-arguments}
For POST/PUT requests, any form-encoded arguments will be automatically parsed, e.g.:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
curl -X POST http://localhost/name -d "first=John\&last=Doe"
\end{Verbatim}
\subsection{JSON document arguments}
\label{argument_parsing:json-document-arguments}
For the same method, you could just post a JSON document instead that looks like this:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{first}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{:}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{John}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{last}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{:}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{Doe}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
\end{Verbatim}
CorePost will automatically pass all the root elements of the document as arguments into a method.
Requires the \emph{`application/json'} content type to be passed.
\subsection{YAML document arguments}
\label{argument_parsing:yaml-document-arguments}
For the same method, you could just post a YAML document that looks like this:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
first:John
last:Doe
\end{Verbatim}
CorePost will automatically pass all the root elements of the document as arguments into a method.
Requires the \emph{`text/yaml'} content type to be passed.
\subsection{XML document arguments}
\label{argument_parsing:xml-document-arguments}
XML documents are supported as well. In that case, CorePost will first parse all the attributes on the root node
and then all of the children underneath the main root node.
Hence all of the XML formats below are valid and would generate the same parameters to a method.
Attributes only:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\textless{}root first="John" last="Doe"/\textgreater{}
\end{Verbatim}
Mix of attributes and child nodes:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\textless{}root first="John"\textgreater{}
\textless{}last\textgreater{}Doe\textless{}/last\textgreater{}
\textless{}/root\textgreater{}
\end{Verbatim}
Child nodes only:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\textless{}root\textgreater{}
\textless{}first\textgreater{}John\textless{}/first\textgreater{}
\textless{}last\textgreater{}Doe\textless{}/last\textgreater{}
\textless{}/root\textgreater{}
\end{Verbatim}
Requires the \emph{`text/xml'} OR \emph{`application/xml'} content type to be passed.
As you can see from the examples above, a single CorePost router method can handle all these varied forms of argument parsing
for you without any additional effort.
\section{Argument validation}
\label{arguments:argument-validation}\label{arguments::doc}
CorePost integrates the popular `formencode' package to implement form and query argument validation.
Validators can be specified using a \emph{formencode} Schema object, or via custom field-specific validators.
Example:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{k+kn}{from} \PYG{n+nn}{corepost.web} \PYG{k+kn}{import} \PYG{n}{validate}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{route}
\PYG{k+kn}{from} \PYG{n+nn}{corepost.enums} \PYG{k+kn}{import} \PYG{n}{Http}
\PYG{k+kn}{from} \PYG{n+nn}{formencode} \PYG{k+kn}{import} \PYG{n}{Schema}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{validators}
\PYG{k}{class} \PYG{n+nc}{TestSchema}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Schema}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{allow\PYGZus{}extra\PYGZus{}fields} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n+nb+bp}{True}
\PYG{n}{childId} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n}{validators}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{Regex}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{regex}\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZca{}value1\textbar{}value2\PYGZdl{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{class} \PYG{n+nc}{MyApp}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/validate/\textless{}int:rootId\textgreater{}/schema}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@validate}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{schema}\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{n}{TestSchema}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{postValidateSchema}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{rootId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{childId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{l+s+sd}{'''Validate using a common schema'''}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{ - }\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{ - }\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{"} \PYG{o}{\PYGZpc{}} \PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{rootId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{childId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/validate/\textless{}int:rootId\textgreater{}/custom}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@validate}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{childId}\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{n}{validators}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{Regex}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{regex}\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZca{}value1\textbar{}value2\PYGZdl{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{postValidateCustom}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{rootId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{childId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{l+s+sd}{'''Validate using argument-specific validators'''}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{ - }\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{ - }\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{"} \PYG{o}{\PYGZpc{}} \PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{rootId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{childId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
Please see the \emph{FormEncode} documentation:
\href{http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/Validator.html}{http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/Validator.html}
for list of available validators:
\begin{itemize}
\item {}
Common : \href{http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/validators.html\#module-formencode.validators}{http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/validators.html\#module-formencode.validators}
\item {}
National : \href{http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/national.html\#module-formencode.national}{http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/national.html\#module-formencode.national}
\end{itemize}
\section{Content types}
\label{content_types::doc}\label{content_types:content-types}
CorePost integrates support for JSON, YAML and XML (partially) based on request content types.
\subsection{Parsing of incoming content}
\label{content_types:parsing-of-incoming-content}
Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests,
the body will be automatically parsed to JSON, YAML and XML (ElementTree)
\begin{itemize}
\item {}
request.json
\item {}
request.yaml
\item {}
request.xml
\end{itemize}
and attached to the request:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/post/json}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{PUT}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{test\PYGZus{}json}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{"} \PYG{o}{\PYGZpc{}} \PYG{n}{json}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{dumps}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{json}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/post/xml}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{PUT}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{test\PYGZus{}xml}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{"} \PYG{o}{\PYGZpc{}} \PYG{n}{ElementTree}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{tostring}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{xml}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/post/yaml}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{PUT}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{test\PYGZus{}yaml}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s+si}{\PYGZpc{}s}\PYG{l+s}{"} \PYG{o}{\PYGZpc{}} \PYG{n}{yaml}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{dump}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{yaml}\PYG{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\subsection{Converting Python objects to expected content type}
\label{content_types:converting-python-objects-to-expected-content-type}
Instead of returning string responses, the code can just return Python objects.
Depending whether the caller can accept JSON (default) or YAML, the Python objects will be automatically converted:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/return/by/accept}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{test\PYGZus{}return\PYGZus{}content\PYGZus{}by\PYGZus{}accepts}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{val} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{p}{[}\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{test1}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{:}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{Test1}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{test2}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{:}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{Test2}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}\PYG{p}{]}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{val}
\end{Verbatim}
Calling this URL with ``Accept: application/json'' will return:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{test1}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{:} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{Test1}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{test2}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{:} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{Test2}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}\PYG{p}{]}
\end{Verbatim}
Calling it with ``Accept: text/yaml'' will return:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{o}{-} \PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}\PYG{n}{test1}\PYG{p}{:} \PYG{n}{Test1}\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
\PYG{o}{-} \PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}\PYG{n}{test2}\PYG{p}{:} \PYG{n}{Test2}\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
\end{Verbatim}
\section{Filters}
\label{filters::doc}\label{filters:filters}
There is support for CorePost resource filters via the two following \emph{corepost.filter} interfaces:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{k}{class} \PYG{n+nc}{IRequestFilter}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Interface}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{l+s+sd}{"""Request filter interface"""}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{filterRequest}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{l+s+sd}{"""Allows to intercept and change an incoming request"""}
\PYG{k}{pass}
\PYG{k}{class} \PYG{n+nc}{IResponseFilter}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Interface}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{l+s+sd}{"""Response filter interface"""}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{filterResponse}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{response}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{l+s+sd}{"""Allows to intercept and change an outgoing response"""}
\PYG{k}{pass}
\end{Verbatim}
A filter class can implement either of them or both (for a wrap around filter), e.g.:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{k}{class} \PYG{n+nc}{AddCustomHeaderFilter}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{l+s+sd}{"""Implements a request filter that adds a custom header to the incoming request"""}
\PYG{n}{zope}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{interface}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{implements}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{IRequestFilter}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{filterRequest}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{received\PYGZus{}headers}\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{Custom-Header}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{]} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{Custom Header Value}\PYG{l+s}{"}
\PYG{k}{class} \PYG{n+nc}{Change404to503Filter}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{l+s+sd}{"""Implements just a response filter that changes 404 to 503 statuses"""}
\PYG{n}{zope}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{interface}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{implements}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{IResponseFilter}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{filterResponse}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{response}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{if} \PYG{n}{response}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{code} \PYG{o}{==} \PYG{l+m+mi}{404}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{response}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{code} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{l+m+mi}{503}
\PYG{k}{class} \PYG{n+nc}{WrapAroundFilter}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{l+s+sd}{"""Implements both types of filters in one class"""}
\PYG{n}{zope}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{interface}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{implements}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{IRequestFilter}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{IResponseFilter}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{filterRequest}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{received\PYGZus{}headers}\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{X-Wrap-Input}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{]} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{Input}\PYG{l+s}{"}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{filterResponse}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{response}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{response}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{headers}\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{X-Wrap-Output}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{]} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{Output}\PYG{l+s}{"}
\end{Verbatim}
In order to activate the filters on a RESTResource instance, you need to pass a list of them in the constructor as the \emph{filters} parameter, e.g.:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{k}{class} \PYG{n+nc}{FilterApp}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{GET}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{root}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{request}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{received\PYGZus{}headers}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{run\PYGZus{}filter\PYGZus{}app}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{app} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n}{RESTResource}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{services}\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{FilterApp}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{filters}\PYG{o}{=}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{Change404to503Filter}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{AddCustomHeaderFilter}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{WrapAroundFilter}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n}{app}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{run}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{8083}\PYG{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\section{HTTP codes}
\label{http_codes::doc}\label{http_codes:http-codes}
By default, CorePost returns the appropriate HTTP code based on the HTTP method:
Success:
\begin{itemize}
\item {}
200 (OK) - GET, DELETE, PUT
\item {}
201 (Created) - POST
\end{itemize}
Errors:
\begin{itemize}
\item {}
404 - not able to match any URL.
\item {}
400 - missing mandatory argument (driven from the arguments on the actual functions)
\item {}
400 - argument failed validation
\item {}
500 - server error
\end{itemize}
\section{Asynchronous Operations}
\label{async:asynchronous-operations}\label{async::doc}
\subsection{@defer.inlineCallbacks support}
\label{async:defer-inlinecallbacks-support}
If you want a deferred async method, just use \emph{defer.returnValue()}:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{GET}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@defer.inlineCallbacks}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{root}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{o}{*}\PYG{n}{kwargs}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{val1} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{k}{yield} \PYG{n}{db}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{query}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{SELECT ....}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n}{val2} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{k}{yield} \PYG{n}{db}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{query}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{SELECT ....}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n}{defer}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{returnValue}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{val1} \PYG{o}{+} \PYG{n}{val2}\PYG{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
This is standard Twisted functionality.
\section{Modular REST applications}
\label{modules::doc}\label{modules:modular-rest-applications}
A typical case in REST is where you have parent/child resources (business entities), e.g.
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
Customer
Customer Address
Customer Phone
Customer Order
Customer Invoice
Customer Invoice Payment
\end{Verbatim}
etc.
This can create a URL structure like:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
/customer
/customer/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}
/customer/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}/address
/customer/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}/address/\textless{}addressId\textgreater{}
/customer/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}/phone
/customer/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}/phone/\textless{}phoneId\textgreater{}
/customer/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}/invoice
/customer/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}/invoice/\textless{}invoiceId\textgreater{}
/customer/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}/invoice/\textless{}invoiceId\textgreater{}/payment
/customer/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}/invoice/\textless{}invoiceId\textgreater{}/payment/\textless{}paymentId\textgreater{}
\end{Verbatim}
CorePost allows you to write small, modular classes that implement a REST service for just a single entity,
driven by URL paths with dynamic elements in them (e.g. the \emph{customerId}, \emph{invoiceId}, \emph{paymentId} path parameters in the sample above).
You do not have to mesh all these different entities in a single class.
At the end, you wrap all of the different REST services in a single \emph{RESTResource} object (which extends the regular Twisted Web Resource object)
and it takes care of routing the request to the appropriate class.
Here is a full-blown example of two REST services for Customer and Customer Address:
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PYG{k+kn}{from} \PYG{n+nn}{corepost} \PYG{k+kn}{import} \PYG{n}{Response}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{NotFoundException}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{AlreadyExistsException}
\PYG{k+kn}{from} \PYG{n+nn}{corepost.web} \PYG{k+kn}{import} \PYG{n}{RESTResource}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{route}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{Http}
\PYG{k}{class} \PYG{n+nc}{CustomerRESTService}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{path} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/customer}\PYG{l+s}{"}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{getAll}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{getAllCustomers}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{get}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{getCustomer}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{post}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{firstName}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{lastName}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{customer} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n}{Customer}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{firstName}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{lastName}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{saveCustomer}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customer}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{Response}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{201}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{PUT}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{put}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{firstName}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{lastName}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{c} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{getCustomer}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{c}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{firstName}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{c}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{lastName}\PYG{p}{)} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{firstName}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{lastName}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{Response}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{200}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{DELETE}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{delete}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{deleteCustomer}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{Response}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{200}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{DELETE}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{deleteAll}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{deleteAllCustomers}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{Response}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{200}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{class} \PYG{n+nc}{CustomerAddressRESTService}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{path} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/customer/\textless{}customerId\textgreater{}/address}\PYG{l+s}{"}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{getAll}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{getCustomer}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{addresses}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/\textless{}addressId\textgreater{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{get}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{addressId}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{getCustomerAddress}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{addressId}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{POST}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{post}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{addressId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{streetNumber}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{streetName}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{stateCode}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{countryCode}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{c} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{getCustomer}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n}{address} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n}{CustomerAddress}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{streetNumber}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{streetName}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{stateCode}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{countryCode}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n}{c}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{addresses}\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{n}{addressId}\PYG{p}{]} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n}{address}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{Response}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{201}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/\textless{}addressId\textgreater{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{PUT}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{put}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{addressId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{streetNumber}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{streetName}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{stateCode}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{countryCode}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{address} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{getCustomerAddress}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{addressId}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{address}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{streetNumber}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{address}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{streetName}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{address}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{stateCode}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{address}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{countryCode}\PYG{p}{)} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{streetNumber}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{streetName}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{stateCode}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{countryCode}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{Response}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{200}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/\textless{}addressId\textgreater{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{DELETE}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{delete}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{addressId}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{getCustomerAddress}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{,} \PYG{n}{addressId}\PYG{p}{)} \PYG{c}{\PYGZsh{}validate address exists}
\PYG{k}{del}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{getCustomer}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{addresses}\PYG{p}{[}\PYG{n}{addressId}\PYG{p}{]}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{Response}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{200}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n+nd}{@route}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{/}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{Http}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{DELETE}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{deleteAll}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n+nb+bp}{self}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{request}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{c} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n}{DB}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{getCustomer}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{customerId}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n}{c}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{addresses} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{p}{\PYGZob{}}\PYG{p}{\PYGZcb{}}
\PYG{k}{return} \PYG{n}{Response}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{200}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{def} \PYG{n+nf}{run\PYGZus{}rest\PYGZus{}app}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{app} \PYG{o}{=} \PYG{n}{RESTResource}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{n}{CustomerRESTService}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{,}\PYG{n}{CustomerAddressRESTService}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{n}{app}\PYG{o}{.}\PYG{n}{run}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{l+m+mi}{8080}\PYG{p}{)}
\PYG{k}{if} \PYG{n}{\PYGZus{}\PYGZus{}name\PYGZus{}\PYGZus{}} \PYG{o}{==} \PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{l+s}{\PYGZus{}\PYGZus{}main\PYGZus{}\PYGZus{}}\PYG{l+s}{"}\PYG{p}{:}
\PYG{n}{run\PYGZus{}rest\PYGZus{}app}\PYG{p}{(}\PYG{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\renewcommand{\indexname}{Index}
\printindex
\end{document}
\select@language {english}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}A Twisted REST micro-framework}{1}{chapter.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introduction}{1}{section.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.1}What is CorePost?}{1}{subsection.1.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.2}What is Twisted?}{1}{subsection.1.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.3}What does CorePost add on top of Twisted Web?}{1}{subsection.1.1.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.4}Why would I use CorePost instead of Node.js?}{2}{subsection.1.1.4}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Features}{3}{chapter.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}URL Routing}{3}{section.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.1}@route decorator}{3}{subsection.2.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.2}Path argument extraction}{4}{subsection.2.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.3}Routing requests by incoming content type}{4}{subsection.2.1.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Argument parsing}{4}{section.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Query arguments}{4}{subsection.2.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Form encoded arguments}{5}{subsection.2.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}JSON document arguments}{5}{subsection.2.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.4}YAML document arguments}{5}{subsection.2.2.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.5}XML document arguments}{5}{subsection.2.2.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Argument validation}{6}{section.2.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Content types}{6}{section.2.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.1}Parsing of incoming content}{6}{subsection.2.4.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.2}Converting Python objects to expected content type}{7}{subsection.2.4.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.5}Filters}{7}{section.2.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.6}HTTP codes}{8}{section.2.6}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.7}Asynchronous Operations}{8}{section.2.7}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.7.1}@defer.inlineCallbacks support}{8}{subsection.2.7.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.8}Modular REST applications}{9}{section.2.8}
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\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@
}
%%%%%% SONNY DEF
\DeclareOption{Sonny}{%
\ChNameVar{\Large\sf}
\ChNumVar{\Huge}
\ChTitleVar{\Large\sf}
\ChRuleWidth{0.5pt}
\ChNameUpperCase
\renewcommand{\DOCH}{%
\raggedleft
\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}\space \CNoV\thechapter
\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@}
\renewcommand{\DOTI}[1]{%
\CTV\raggedleft\mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak
\vskip 5\p@
\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@}
\renewcommand{\DOTIS}[1]{%
\CTV\raggedleft\mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak
\vskip 5\p@
\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@}
}
%%%%%% LENNY DEF
\DeclareOption{Lenny}{%
\ChNameVar{\fontsize{14}{16}\usefont{OT1}{phv}{m}{n}\selectfont}
\ChNumVar{\fontsize{60}{62}\usefont{OT1}{ptm}{m}{n}\selectfont}
\ChTitleVar{\Huge\bfseries\rm}
\ChRuleWidth{1pt}
\renewcommand{\DOCH}{%
\settowidth{\px}{\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}}
\addtolength{\px}{2pt}
\settoheight{\py}{\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}}
\addtolength{\py}{1pt}
\settowidth{\mylen}{\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}\space\CNoV\thechapter}
\addtolength{\mylen}{1pt}
\settowidth{\pxx}{\CNoV\thechapter}
\addtolength{\pxx}{-1pt}
\settoheight{\pyy}{\CNoV\thechapter}
\addtolength{\pyy}{-2pt}
\setlength{\myhi}{\pyy}
\addtolength{\myhi}{-1\py}
\par
\parbox[b]{\textwidth}{%
\rule[\py]{\RW}{\myhi}%
\hskip -\RW%
\rule[\pyy]{\px}{\RW}%
\hskip -\px%
\raggedright%
\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}\space\CNoV\thechapter%
\hskip1pt%
\mghrulefill{\RW}%
\rule{\RW}{\pyy}\par\nobreak%
\vskip -\baselineskip%
\vskip -\pyy%
\hskip \mylen%
\mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak%
\vskip \pyy}%
\vskip 20\p@}
\renewcommand{\DOTI}[1]{%
\raggedright
\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@}
\renewcommand{\DOTIS}[1]{%
\raggedright
\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@}
}
%%%%%% Peter Osbornes' version of LENNY DEF
\DeclareOption{PetersLenny}{%
% five new lengths
\newlength{\bl} % bottom left : orig \space
\setlength{\bl}{6pt}
\newcommand{\BL}[1]{\setlength{\bl}{#1}}
\newlength{\br} % bottom right : orig 1pt
\setlength{\br}{1pt}
\newcommand{\BR}[1]{\setlength{\br}{#1}}
\newlength{\tl} % top left : orig 2pt
\setlength{\tl}{2pt}
\newcommand{\TL}[1]{\setlength{\tl}{#1}}
\newlength{\trr} % top right :orig 1pt
\setlength{\trr}{1pt}
\newcommand{\TR}[1]{\setlength{\trr}{#1}}
\newlength{\blrule} % top right :orig 1pt
\setlength{\trr}{0pt}
\newcommand{\BLrule}[1]{\setlength{\blrule}{#1}}
\ChNameVar{\fontsize{14}{16}\usefont{OT1}{phv}{m}{n}\selectfont}
\ChNumVar{\fontsize{60}{62}\usefont{OT1}{ptm}{m}{n}\selectfont}
\ChTitleVar{\Huge\bfseries\rm}
\ChRuleWidth{1pt}
\renewcommand{\DOCH}{%
%%%%%%% tweaks for 1--9 and A--Z
\ifcase\c@chapter\relax%
\or\BL{-3pt}\TL{-4pt}\BR{0pt}\TR{-6pt}%1
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-4pt}\BR{2pt}\TR{-4pt}%2
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-4pt}\BR{2pt}\TR{-4pt}%3
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{5pt}\BR{2pt}\TR{-4pt}%4
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{3pt}\BR{2pt}\TR{-4pt}%5
\or\BL{-1pt}\TL{0pt}\BR{2pt}\TR{-2pt}%6
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-3pt}\BR{2pt}\TR{-2pt}%7
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-3pt}\BR{2pt}\TR{-2pt}%8
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-3pt}\BR{-4pt}\TR{-2pt}%9
\or\BL{-3pt}\TL{-3pt}\BR{2pt}\TR{-7pt}%10
\or\BL{-6pt}\TL{-6pt}\BR{0pt}\TR{-9pt}%11
\or\BL{-6pt}\TL{-6pt}\BR{2pt}\TR{-7pt}%12
\or\BL{-5pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{0pt}\TR{-9pt}%13
\or\BL{-6pt}\TL{-6pt}\BR{0pt}\TR{-9pt}%14
\or\BL{-3pt}\TL{-3pt}\BR{3pt}\TR{-6pt}%15
\or\BL{-3pt}\TL{-3pt}\BR{3pt}\TR{-6pt}%16
\or\BL{-5pt}\TL{-3pt}\BR{-8pt}\TR{-6pt}%17
\or\BL{-5pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{0pt}\TR{-9pt}%18
\or\BL{-3pt}\TL{-3pt}\BR{-6pt}\TR{-9pt}%19
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{0pt}\BR{0pt}\TR{-5pt}%20
\fi
\ifinapp\ifcase\c@chapter\relax%
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{14pt}\BR{5pt}\TR{-19pt}%A
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{-3pt}\TR{-8pt}%B
\or\BL{-3pt}\TL{-2pt}\BR{1pt}\TR{-6pt}\BLrule{0pt}%C
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{-3pt}\TR{-8pt}\BLrule{0pt}%D
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{2pt}\TR{-3pt}%E
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{-10pt}\TR{-1pt}%F
\or\BL{-3pt}\TL{0pt}\BR{0pt}\TR{-7pt}%G
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{3pt}\TR{-1pt}%H
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{3pt}\TR{-1pt}%I
\or\BL{2pt}\TL{0pt}\BR{-3pt}\TR{1pt}%J
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{3pt}\TR{-1pt}%K
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{2pt}\TR{-19pt}%L
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{3pt}\TR{-1pt}%M
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{-2pt}\TR{-1pt}%N
\or\BL{-3pt}\TL{-2pt}\BR{-3pt}\TR{-11pt}%O
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{-9pt}\TR{-3pt}%P
\or\BL{-3pt}\TL{-2pt}\BR{-3pt}\TR{-11pt}%Q
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{4pt}\TR{-8pt}%R
\or\BL{-2pt}\TL{-2pt}\BR{-2pt}\TR{-7pt}%S
\or\BL{-3pt}\TL{0pt}\BR{-5pt}\TR{4pt}\BLrule{8pt}%T
\or\BL{-7pt}\TL{-11pt}\BR{-5pt}\TR{-7pt}\BLrule{0pt}%U
\or\BL{-14pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{-14pt}\TR{-1pt}\BLrule{14pt}%V
\or\BL{-10pt}\TL{-9pt}\BR{-13pt}\TR{-3pt}\BLrule{7pt}%W
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{3pt}\TR{-1pt}\BLrule{0pt}%X
\or\BL{-6pt}\TL{-4pt}\BR{-7pt}\TR{1pt}\BLrule{7pt}%Y
\or\BL{0pt}\TL{-5pt}\BR{3pt}\TR{-1pt}\BLrule{0pt}%Z
\fi\fi
%%%%%%%
\settowidth{\px}{\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}}
\addtolength{\px}{\tl} %MOD change 2pt to \tl
\settoheight{\py}{\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}}
\addtolength{\py}{1pt}
\settowidth{\mylen}{\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}\space\CNoV\thechapter}
\addtolength{\mylen}{\trr}% MOD change 1pt to \tr
\settowidth{\pxx}{\CNoV\thechapter}
\addtolength{\pxx}{-1pt}
\settoheight{\pyy}{\CNoV\thechapter}
\addtolength{\pyy}{-2pt}
\setlength{\myhi}{\pyy}
\addtolength{\myhi}{-1\py}
\par
\parbox[b]{\textwidth}{%
\rule[\py]{\RW}{\myhi}%
\hskip -\RW%
\rule[\pyy]{\px}{\RW}%
\hskip -\px%
\raggedright%
\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}\rule{\blrule}{\RW}\hskip\bl\CNoV\thechapter%MOD
% \CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}\space\CNoV\thechapter %ORIGINAL
\hskip\br% %MOD 1pt to \br
\mghrulefill{\RW}%
\rule{\RW}{\pyy}\par\nobreak%
\vskip -\baselineskip%
\vskip -\pyy%
\hskip \mylen%
\mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak%
\vskip \pyy}%
\vskip 20\p@}
\renewcommand{\DOTI}[1]{%
\raggedright
\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@}
\renewcommand{\DOTIS}[1]{%
\raggedright
\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@}
}
%
%%%%%% BJORNSTRUP DEF
\DeclareOption{Bjornstrup}{%
\usecolortrue
% pzc (Zapf Chancelery) is nice. ppl (Palatino) is cool too.
\ChNumVar{\fontsize{76}{80}\usefont{OT1}{pzc}{m}{n}\selectfont}
\ChTitleVar{\raggedleft\Large\sffamily\bfseries}
\setlength{\myhi}{10pt} % Space between grey box border and text
\setlength{\mylen}{\textwidth}
\addtolength{\mylen}{-2\myhi}
\renewcommand{\DOCH}{%
\settowidth{\py}{\CNoV\thechapter}
\addtolength{\py}{-10pt} % Amount of space by which the
% % number is shifted right
\fboxsep=0pt%
\colorbox[gray]{.85}{\rule{0pt}{40pt}\parbox[b]{\textwidth}{\hfill}}%
\kern-\py\raise20pt%
\hbox{\color[gray]{.5}\CNoV\thechapter}\\%
}
\renewcommand{\DOTI}[1]{%
\nointerlineskip\raggedright%
\fboxsep=\myhi%
\vskip-1ex%
\colorbox[gray]{.85}{\parbox[t]{\mylen}{\CTV\FmTi{#1}}}\par\nobreak%
\vskip 40\p@%
}
\renewcommand{\DOTIS}[1]{%
\fboxsep=0pt
\colorbox[gray]{.85}{\rule{0pt}{40pt}\parbox[b]{\textwidth}{\hfill}}\\%
\nointerlineskip\raggedright%
\fboxsep=\myhi%
\colorbox[gray]{.85}{\parbox[t]{\mylen}{\CTV\FmTi{#1}}}\par\nobreak%
\vskip 40\p@%
}
}
%%%%%%% GLENN DEF
\DeclareOption{Glenn}{%
\ChNameVar{\bfseries\Large\sf}
\ChNumVar{\Huge}
\ChTitleVar{\bfseries\Large\rm}
\ChRuleWidth{1pt}
\ChNameUpperCase
\ChTitleUpperCase
\renewcommand{\DOCH}{%
\settoheight{\myhi}{\CTV\FmTi{Test}}
\setlength{\py}{\baselineskip}
\addtolength{\py}{\RW}
\addtolength{\py}{\myhi}
\setlength{\pyy}{\py}
\addtolength{\pyy}{-1\RW}
\raggedright
\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}\space\CNoV\thechapter
\hskip 3pt\mghrulefill{\RW}\rule[-1\pyy]{2\RW}{\py}\par\nobreak}
\renewcommand{\DOTI}[1]{%
\addtolength{\pyy}{-4pt}
\settoheight{\myhi}{\CTV\FmTi{#1}}
\addtolength{\myhi}{\py}
\addtolength{\myhi}{-1\RW}
\vskip -1\pyy
\rule{2\RW}{\myhi}\mghrulefill{\RW}\hskip 2pt
\raggedleft\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\vskip 80\p@}
\newlength{\backskip}
\renewcommand{\DOTIS}[1]{%
% \setlength{\py}{10pt}
% \setlength{\pyy}{\py}
% \addtolength{\pyy}{\RW}
% \setlength{\myhi}{\baselineskip}
% \addtolength{\myhi}{\pyy}
% \mghrulefill{\RW}\rule[-1\py]{2\RW}{\pyy}\par\nobreak
% \addtolength{}{}
%\vskip -1\baselineskip
% \rule{2\RW}{\myhi}\mghrulefill{\RW}\hskip 2pt
% \raggedleft\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
% \vskip 60\p@}
%% Fix suggested by Tomas Lundberg
\setlength{\py}{25pt} % eller vad man vill
\setlength{\pyy}{\py}
\setlength{\backskip}{\py}
\addtolength{\backskip}{2pt}
\addtolength{\pyy}{\RW}
\setlength{\myhi}{\baselineskip}
\addtolength{\myhi}{\pyy}
\mghrulefill{\RW}\rule[-1\py]{2\RW}{\pyy}\par\nobreak
\vskip -1\backskip
\rule{2\RW}{\myhi}\mghrulefill{\RW}\hskip 3pt %
\raggedleft\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@}
}
%%%%%%% CONNY DEF
\DeclareOption{Conny}{%
\ChNameUpperCase
\ChTitleUpperCase
\ChNameVar{\centering\Huge\rm\bfseries}
\ChNumVar{\Huge}
\ChTitleVar{\centering\Huge\rm}
\ChRuleWidth{2pt}
\renewcommand{\DOCH}{%
\mghrulefill{3\RW}\par\nobreak
\vskip -0.5\baselineskip
\mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak
\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}\space \CNoV\thechapter
\par\nobreak
\vskip -0.5\baselineskip
}
\renewcommand{\DOTI}[1]{%
\mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak
\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\vskip 60\p@
}
\renewcommand{\DOTIS}[1]{%
\mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak
\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\vskip 60\p@
}
}
%%%%%%% REJNE DEF
\DeclareOption{Rejne}{%
\ChNameUpperCase
\ChTitleUpperCase
\ChNameVar{\centering\Large\rm}
\ChNumVar{\Huge}
\ChTitleVar{\centering\Huge\rm}
\ChRuleWidth{1pt}
\renewcommand{\DOCH}{%
\settoheight{\py}{\CNoV\thechapter}
\parskip=0pt plus 1pt % Set parskip to default, just in case v1.31
\addtolength{\py}{-1pt}
\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}\par\nobreak
\vskip 20\p@
\setlength{\myhi}{2\baselineskip}
\setlength{\px}{\myhi}
\addtolength{\px}{-1\RW}
\rule[-1\px]{\RW}{\myhi}\mghrulefill{\RW}\hskip
10pt\raisebox{-0.5\py}{\CNoV\thechapter}\hskip 10pt\mghrulefill{\RW}\rule[-1\px]{\RW}{\myhi}\par\nobreak
\vskip -3\p@% Added -2pt vskip to correct for streched text v1.31
}
\renewcommand{\DOTI}[1]{%
\setlength{\mylen}{\textwidth}
\parskip=0pt plus 1pt % Set parskip to default, just in case v1.31
\addtolength{\mylen}{-2\RW}
{\vrule width\RW}\parbox{\mylen}{\CTV\FmTi{#1}}{\vrule width\RW}\par\nobreak%
\vskip -3pt\rule{\RW}{2\baselineskip}\mghrulefill{\RW}\rule{\RW}{2\baselineskip}%
\vskip 60\p@% Added -2pt in vskip to correct for streched text v1.31
}
\renewcommand{\DOTIS}[1]{%
\setlength{\py}{\fboxrule}
\setlength{\fboxrule}{\RW}
\setlength{\mylen}{\textwidth}
\addtolength{\mylen}{-2\RW}
\fbox{\parbox{\mylen}{\vskip 2\baselineskip\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak\vskip \baselineskip}}
\setlength{\fboxrule}{\py}
\vskip 60\p@
}
}
%%%%%%% BJARNE DEF
\DeclareOption{Bjarne}{%
\ChNameUpperCase
\ChTitleUpperCase
\ChNameVar{\raggedleft\normalsize\rm}
\ChNumVar{\raggedleft \bfseries\Large}
\ChTitleVar{\raggedleft \Large\rm}
\ChRuleWidth{1pt}
%% Note thechapter -> c@chapter fix appendix bug
%% Fixed misspelled 12
\newcounter{AlphaCnt}
\newcounter{AlphaDecCnt}
\newcommand{\AlphaNo}{%
\ifcase\number\theAlphaCnt
\ifnum\c@chapter=0
ZERO\else{}\fi
\or ONE\or TWO\or THREE\or FOUR\or FIVE
\or SIX\or SEVEN\or EIGHT\or NINE\or TEN
\or ELEVEN\or TWELVE\or THIRTEEN\or FOURTEEN\or FIFTEEN
\or SIXTEEN\or SEVENTEEN\or EIGHTEEN\or NINETEEN\fi
}
\newcommand{\AlphaDecNo}{%
\setcounter{AlphaDecCnt}{0}
\@whilenum\number\theAlphaCnt>0\do
{\addtocounter{AlphaCnt}{-10}
\addtocounter{AlphaDecCnt}{1}}
\ifnum\number\theAlphaCnt=0
\else
\addtocounter{AlphaDecCnt}{-1}
\addtocounter{AlphaCnt}{10}
\fi
\ifcase\number\theAlphaDecCnt\or TEN\or TWENTY\or THIRTY\or
FORTY\or FIFTY\or SIXTY\or SEVENTY\or EIGHTY\or NINETY\fi
}
\newcommand{\TheAlphaChapter}{%
\ifinapp
\thechapter
\else
\setcounter{AlphaCnt}{\c@chapter}
\ifnum\c@chapter<20
\AlphaNo
\else
\AlphaDecNo\AlphaNo
\fi
\fi
}
\renewcommand{\DOCH}{%
\mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak
\CNV\FmN{\@chapapp}\par\nobreak
\CNoV\TheAlphaChapter\par\nobreak
\vskip -1\baselineskip\vskip 5pt\mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak
\vskip 20\p@
}
\renewcommand{\DOTI}[1]{%
\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@
}
\renewcommand{\DOTIS}[1]{%
\CTV\FmTi{#1}\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@
}
}
\DeclareOption*{%
\PackageWarning{fancychapter}{unknown style option}
}
\ProcessOptions* \relax
\ifusecolor
\RequirePackage{color}
\fi
\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
\vspace*{50\p@}%
{\parindent \z@ \raggedright \normalfont
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\if@mainmatter%%%%% Fix for frontmatter, mainmatter, and backmatter 040920
\DOCH
\fi
\fi
\interlinepenalty\@M
\if@mainmatter%%%%% Fix for frontmatter, mainmatter, and backmatter 060424
\DOTI{#1}%
\else%
\DOTIS{#1}%
\fi
}}
%%% Begin: To avoid problem with scrbook.cls (fncychap version 1.32)
%%OUT:
%\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn
% \@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]%
% \else
% \@makeschapterhead{#1}%
% \@afterheading
% \fi}
%%IN:
\def\@schapter#1{%
\if@twocolumn%
\@makeschapterhead{#1}%
\else%
\@makeschapterhead{#1}%
\@afterheading%
\fi}
%%% End: To avoid problem with scrbook.cls (fncychap version 1.32)
\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
\vspace*{50\p@}%
{\parindent \z@ \raggedright
\normalfont
\interlinepenalty\@M
\DOTIS{#1}
\vskip 40\p@
}}
\endinput
line_max 100
headings_flag 1
heading_prefix " \\bigletter "
preamble "\\begin{theindex}
\\def\\bigletter#1{{\\Large\\sffamily#1}\\nopagebreak\\vspace{1mm}}
"
symhead_positive "{Symbols}"
numhead_positive "{Numbers}"
%
% sphinx.sty
%
% Adapted from the old python.sty, mostly written by Fred Drake,
% by Georg Brandl.
%
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
\ProvidesPackage{sphinx}[2010/01/15 LaTeX package (Sphinx markup)]
\RequirePackage{textcomp}
\RequirePackage{fancyhdr}
\RequirePackage{fancybox}
\RequirePackage{titlesec}
\RequirePackage{tabulary}
\RequirePackage{amsmath} % for \text
\RequirePackage{makeidx}
\RequirePackage{framed}
\RequirePackage{ifthen}
\RequirePackage{color}
% For highlighted code.
\RequirePackage{fancyvrb}
% For table captions.
\RequirePackage{threeparttable}
% Handle footnotes in tables.
\RequirePackage{footnote}
\makesavenoteenv{tabulary}
% For floating figures in the text.
\RequirePackage{wrapfig}
% Separate paragraphs by space by default.
\RequirePackage{parskip}
% Redefine these colors to your liking in the preamble.
\definecolor{TitleColor}{rgb}{0.126,0.263,0.361}
\definecolor{InnerLinkColor}{rgb}{0.208,0.374,0.486}
\definecolor{OuterLinkColor}{rgb}{0.216,0.439,0.388}
% Redefine these colors to something not white if you want to have colored
% background and border for code examples.
\definecolor{VerbatimColor}{rgb}{1,1,1}
\definecolor{VerbatimBorderColor}{rgb}{1,1,1}
% Uncomment these two lines to ignore the paper size and make the page
% size more like a typical published manual.
%\renewcommand{\paperheight}{9in}
%\renewcommand{\paperwidth}{8.5in} % typical squarish manual
%\renewcommand{\paperwidth}{7in} % O'Reilly ``Programmming Python''
% For graphicx, check if we are compiling under latex or pdflatex.
\ifx\pdftexversion\undefined
\usepackage{graphicx}
\else
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
\fi
% for PDF output, use colors and maximal compression
\newif\ifsphinxpdfoutput\sphinxpdfoutputfalse
\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined\else\ifcase\pdfoutput
\let\py@NormalColor\relax
\let\py@TitleColor\relax
\else
\sphinxpdfoutputtrue
\input{pdfcolor}
\def\py@NormalColor{\color[rgb]{0.0,0.0,0.0}}
\def\py@TitleColor{\color{TitleColor}}
\pdfcompresslevel=9
\fi\fi
% XeLaTeX can do colors, too
\ifx\XeTeXrevision\undefined\else
\def\py@NormalColor{\color[rgb]{0.0,0.0,0.0}}
\def\py@TitleColor{\color{TitleColor}}
\fi
% Increase printable page size (copied from fullpage.sty)
\topmargin 0pt
\advance \topmargin by -\headheight
\advance \topmargin by -\headsep
% attempt to work a little better for A4 users
\textheight \paperheight
\advance\textheight by -2in
\oddsidemargin 0pt
\evensidemargin 0pt
%\evensidemargin -.25in % for ``manual size'' documents
\marginparwidth 0.5in
\textwidth \paperwidth
\advance\textwidth by -2in
% Style parameters and macros used by most documents here
\raggedbottom
\sloppy
\hbadness = 5000 % don't print trivial gripes
\pagestyle{empty} % start this way; change for
\pagenumbering{roman} % ToC & chapters
% Use this to set the font family for headers and other decor:
\newcommand{\py@HeaderFamily}{\sffamily\bfseries}
% Redefine the 'normal' header/footer style when using "fancyhdr" package:
\@ifundefined{fancyhf}{}{
% Use \pagestyle{normal} as the primary pagestyle for text.
\fancypagestyle{normal}{
\fancyhf{}
\fancyfoot[LE,RO]{{\py@HeaderFamily\thepage}}
\fancyfoot[LO]{{\py@HeaderFamily\nouppercase{\rightmark}}}
\fancyfoot[RE]{{\py@HeaderFamily\nouppercase{\leftmark}}}
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{{\py@HeaderFamily \@title, \py@release}}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
}
% Update the plain style so we get the page number & footer line,
% but not a chapter or section title. This is to keep the first
% page of a chapter and the blank page between chapters `clean.'
\fancypagestyle{plain}{
\fancyhf{}
\fancyfoot[LE,RO]{{\py@HeaderFamily\thepage}}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
}
}
% Some custom font markup commands.
%
\newcommand{\strong}[1]{{\bf #1}}
\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
\newcommand{\bfcode}[1]{\code{\bfseries#1}}
\newcommand{\email}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
% Redefine the Verbatim environment to allow border and background colors.
% The original environment is still used for verbatims within tables.
\let\OriginalVerbatim=\Verbatim
\let\endOriginalVerbatim=\endVerbatim
% Play with vspace to be able to keep the indentation.
\newlength\distancetoright
\def\mycolorbox#1{%
\setlength\distancetoright{\linewidth}%
\advance\distancetoright -\@totalleftmargin %
\fcolorbox{VerbatimBorderColor}{VerbatimColor}{%
\begin{minipage}{\distancetoright}%
#1
\end{minipage}%
}%
}
\def\FrameCommand{\mycolorbox}
\renewcommand{\Verbatim}[1][1]{%
% list starts new par, but we don't want it to be set apart vertically
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% The list environement is needed to control perfectly the vertical
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\renewcommand{\endVerbatim}{%
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% close group to restore \parskip
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% \moduleauthor{name}{email}
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% \sectionauthor{name}{email}
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% Augment the sectioning commands used to get our own font family in place,
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\titleformat{\subsection}{\large\py@HeaderFamily}%
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\titleformat{\paragraph}{\small\py@HeaderFamily}%
{\py@TitleColor}{0em}{\py@TitleColor}{\py@NormalColor}
% {fulllineitems} is the main environment for object descriptions.
%
\newcommand{\py@itemnewline}[1]{%
\@tempdima\linewidth%
\advance\@tempdima \leftmargin\makebox[\@tempdima][l]{#1}%
}
\newenvironment{fulllineitems}{
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\let\makelabel=\py@itemnewline}
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% \optional is used for ``[, arg]``, i.e. desc_optional nodes.
\newcommand{\optional}[1]{%
{\textnormal{\Large[}}{#1}\hspace{0.5mm}{\textnormal{\Large]}}}
\newlength{\py@argswidth}
\newcommand{\py@sigparams}[2]{%
\parbox[t]{\py@argswidth}{#1\code{)}#2}}
\newcommand{\pysigline}[1]{\item[#1]\nopagebreak}
\newcommand{\pysiglinewithargsret}[3]{%
\settowidth{\py@argswidth}{#1\code{(}}%
\addtolength{\py@argswidth}{-2\py@argswidth}%
\addtolength{\py@argswidth}{\linewidth}%
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% Production lists
%
\newenvironment{productionlist}{
% \def\optional##1{{\Large[}##1{\Large]}}
\def\production##1##2{\\\code{##1}&::=&\code{##2}}
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\parindent=2em
\indent
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}{%
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}
% Notices / Admonitions
%
\newlength{\py@noticelength}
\newcommand{\py@heavybox}{
\setlength{\fboxrule}{1pt}
\setlength{\fboxsep}{6pt}
\setlength{\py@noticelength}{\linewidth}
\addtolength{\py@noticelength}{-2\fboxsep}
\addtolength{\py@noticelength}{-2\fboxrule}
%\setlength{\shadowsize}{3pt}
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}
\newcommand{\py@endheavybox}{
\endminipage
\endSbox
\fbox{\TheSbox}
}
\newcommand{\py@lightbox}{{%
\setlength\parskip{0pt}\par
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}}
\newcommand{\py@endlightbox}{{%
\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
\par\rule[0.5ex]{\linewidth}{0.5pt}%
\par\vspace{-0.5ex}%
}}
% Some are quite plain:
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\newcommand{\py@noticeend@note}{\py@endlightbox}
\newcommand{\py@noticestart@hint}{\py@lightbox}
\newcommand{\py@noticeend@hint}{\py@endlightbox}
\newcommand{\py@noticestart@important}{\py@lightbox}
\newcommand{\py@noticeend@important}{\py@endlightbox}
\newcommand{\py@noticestart@tip}{\py@lightbox}
\newcommand{\py@noticeend@tip}{\py@endlightbox}
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\newcommand{\py@noticeend@warning}{\py@endheavybox}
\newcommand{\py@noticestart@caution}{\py@heavybox}
\newcommand{\py@noticeend@caution}{\py@endheavybox}
\newcommand{\py@noticestart@attention}{\py@heavybox}
\newcommand{\py@noticeend@attention}{\py@endheavybox}
\newcommand{\py@noticestart@danger}{\py@heavybox}
\newcommand{\py@noticeend@danger}{\py@endheavybox}
\newcommand{\py@noticestart@error}{\py@heavybox}
\newcommand{\py@noticeend@error}{\py@endheavybox}
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\def\py@noticetype{#1}
\csname py@noticestart@#1\endcsname
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% Allow the release number to be specified independently of the
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%
\newcommand{\py@release}{}
\newcommand{\version}{}
\newcommand{\shortversion}{}
\newcommand{\releaseinfo}{}
\newcommand{\releasename}{Release}
\newcommand{\release}[1]{%
\renewcommand{\py@release}{\releasename\space\version}%
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\newcommand{\setshortversion}[1]{%
\renewcommand{\shortversion}{#1}}
\newcommand{\setreleaseinfo}[1]{%
\renewcommand{\releaseinfo}{#1}}
% Allow specification of the author's address separately from the
% author's name. This can be used to format them differently, which
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%
\newcommand{\py@authoraddress}{}
\newcommand{\authoraddress}[1]{\renewcommand{\py@authoraddress}{#1}}
% This sets up the fancy chapter headings that make the documents look
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\ChNameVar{\raggedleft\normalsize\py@HeaderFamily}
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%
\newenvironment{definitions}{%
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}
% Tell TeX about pathological hyphenation cases:
\hyphenation{Base-HTTP-Re-quest-Hand-ler}
% The following is stuff copied from docutils' latex writer.
%
\newcommand{\optionlistlabel}[1]{\bf #1 \hfill}
\newenvironment{optionlist}[1]
{\begin{list}{}
{\setlength{\labelwidth}{#1}
\setlength{\rightmargin}{1cm}
\setlength{\leftmargin}{\rightmargin}
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\newenvironment{lineblock}[1]
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% Redefine includgraphics for avoiding images larger than the screen size
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\let\py@Oldincludegraphics\includegraphics
\newbox\image@box%
\newdimen\image@width%
\renewcommand\includegraphics[2][\@empty]{%
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% Fix the index and bibliography environments to add an entry to the Table of
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\renewcommand{\theindex}{
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% Fix anchor placement for figures with captions.
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% From docutils.writers.latex2e
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% From footmisc.sty: allows footnotes in titles
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%
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%
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% Set some sane defaults for section numbering depth and TOC depth. You can
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\@thanks
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\renewcommand{\tableofcontents}{
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\py@OldTableofcontents
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\@ifundefined{fancyhf}{
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%
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%
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% This is needed to get the width of the section # area wide enough in the
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\ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else
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10
\@chnum
\if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else
\if \@nextchar p4 \else
\if \@nextchar b5 \else
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\def\TY@classz{%
\@classx
\@tempcnta\count@
\ifx\TY@box\TY@box@v
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\let\raggedright\noindent
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\newdimen\TY@tablewidth
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\@ifpackageloaded{colortbl}{%
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\expandafter\let\expandafter\CT@color\expandafter\relax
\expandafter\let\expandafter\CT@do@color\expandafter\relax
\expandafter\let\expandafter\color\expandafter\relax
\expandafter\let\expandafter\CT@column@color\expandafter\relax
\expandafter\let\expandafter\CT@row@color\expandafter\relax
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\let\TY@@mkpream\@mkpream
\def\TY@classz{%
\@classx
\@tempcnta\count@
\ifx\TY@box\TY@box@v
\global\advance\TY@count\@ne
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\let\raggedright\noindent
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\global\expandafter\let\csname TY@F\the\TY@count\endcsname\z@
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\@addtopreamble{%
\setbox\z@\hbox\bgroup\bgroup
\ifcase\@chnum
\hskip\stretch{.5}\kern\z@
\d@llarbegin\insert@column\d@llarend\hskip\stretch{.5}\or
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\vbox \@startpbox{\@nextchar}\insert@column \@endpbox \or
\d@llarbegin \insert@column \d@llarend \or% dubious s case
\TY@box\centering\or
\TY@box\raggedright\or
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\egroup\egroup
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{\uccode`\*=`\ %
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Argument parsing
===================
CorePost can automatically parse query arguments, form arguments, as well as basic JSON, YAML and XML documents
and extract those as direct arguments to a REST router method.
Let's say we have a basic method that responds to GET, POST and PUT requests.
It expects a first name and last name and outputs them back in the response::
@router("/name",(Http.GET,Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def getName(self,request,first,last,**kwargs):
return "%s %s" % (first, last)
Query arguments
---------------
For GET requests, the query arguments will be automatically parsed, e.g.::
curl http://127.0.0.1/name?first=John&last=Doe
Form encoded arguments
----------------------
For POST/PUT requests, any form-encoded arguments will be automatically parsed, e.g.::
curl -X POST http://localhost/name -d "first=John&last=Doe"
JSON document arguments
-----------------------
For the same method, you could just post a JSON document instead that looks like this::
{"first":"John","last":"Doe"}
CorePost will automatically pass all the root elements of the document as arguments into a method.
Requires the *'application/json'* content type to be passed.
YAML document arguments
-----------------------
For the same method, you could just post a YAML document that looks like this::
first:John
last:Doe
CorePost will automatically pass all the root elements of the document as arguments into a method.
Requires the *'text/yaml'* content type to be passed.
XML document arguments
----------------------
XML documents are supported as well. In that case, CorePost will first parse all the attributes on the root node
and then all of the children underneath the main root node.
Hence all of the XML formats below are valid and would generate the same parameters to a method.
Attributes only::
<root first="John" last="Doe"/>
Mix of attributes and child nodes::
<root first="John">
<last>Doe</last>
</root>
Child nodes only::
<root>
<first>John</first>
<last>Doe</last>
</root>
Requires the *'text/xml'* OR *'application/xml'* content type to be passed.
As you can see from the examples above, a single CorePost router method can handle all these varied forms of argument parsing
for you without any additional effort.
Argument validation
===================
CorePost integrates the popular 'formencode' package to implement form and query argument validation.
Validators can be specified using a *formencode* Schema object, or via custom field-specific validators.
Example::
from corepost.web import validate, route
from corepost.enums import Http
from formencode import Schema, validators
class TestSchema(Schema):
allow_extra_fields = True
childId = validators.Regex(regex="^value1|value2$")
class MyApp():
@route("/validate/<int:rootId>/schema",Http.POST)
@validate(schema=TestSchema())
def postValidateSchema(self,request,rootId,childId,**kwargs):
'''Validate using a common schema'''
return "%s - %s - %s" % (rootId,childId,kwargs)
@route("/validate/<int:rootId>/custom",Http.POST)
@validate(childId=validators.Regex(regex="^value1|value2$"))
def postValidateCustom(self,request,rootId,childId,**kwargs):
'''Validate using argument-specific validators'''
return "%s - %s - %s" % (rootId,childId,kwargs)
Please see the *FormEncode* documentation:
http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/Validator.html
for list of available validators:
* Common : http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/validators.html#module-formencode.validators
* National : http://www.formencode.org/en/latest/modules/national.html#module-formencode.national
Asynchronous Operations
=======================
@defer.inlineCallbacks support
------------------------------
If you want a deferred async method, just use *defer.returnValue()*::
@route("/",Http.GET)
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def root(self,request,**kwargs):
val1 = yield db.query("SELECT ....")
val2 = yield db.query("SELECT ....")
defer.returnValue(val1 + val2)
This is standard Twisted functionality.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# CorePost documentation build configuration file, created by
# sphinx-quickstart on Mon Mar 5 22:23:38 2012.
#
# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its containing dir.
#
# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
# autogenerated file.
#
# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
# serve to show the default.
import sys, os
sys.path.append("..")
# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
#sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
# -- General configuration -----------------------------------------------------
# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions
# coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones.
extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc', 'sphinx.ext.doctest']
# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
templates_path = ['templates']
# The suffix of source filenames.
source_suffix = '.rst'
# The encoding of source files.
#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
# The master toctree document.
master_doc = 'index'
# General information about the project.
project = u'CorePost'
copyright = u'2012, Jacek Furmankiewicz'
# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
# built documents.
#
# The short X.Y version.
version = '0.0.14'
# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
release = '0.0.14'
# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
# for a list of supported languages.
#language = None
# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
# non-false value, then it is used:
#today = ''
# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
exclude_patterns = []
# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all documents.
#default_role = None
# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
#add_function_parentheses = True
# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
# unit titles (such as .. function::).
#add_module_names = True
# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
# output. They are ignored by default.
#show_authors = False
# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
pygments_style = 'sphinx'
# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
#modindex_common_prefix = []
# -- Options for HTML output ---------------------------------------------------
# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for
# a list of builtin themes.
html_theme = 'default'
# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
# further. For a list of options available for each theme, see the
# documentation.
#html_theme_options = {}
# Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
#html_theme_path = []
# The name for this set of Sphinx documents. If None, it defaults to
# "<project> v<release> documentation".
#html_title = None
# A shorter title for the navigation bar. Default is the same as html_title.
#html_short_title = None
# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
# of the sidebar.
#html_logo = None
# The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
# docs. This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
# pixels large.
#html_favicon = None
# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
html_static_path = ['_static']
# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
# using the given strftime format.
#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
# typographically correct entities.
#html_use_smartypants = True
# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
#html_sidebars = {}
# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
# template names.
#html_additional_pages = {}
# If false, no module index is generated.
#html_domain_indices = True
# If false, no index is generated.
#html_use_index = True
# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
#html_split_index = False
# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
#html_show_sourcelink = True
# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
#html_show_sphinx = True
# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
#html_show_copyright = True
# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
# contain a <link> tag referring to it. The value of this option must be the
# base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
#html_use_opensearch = ''
# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
#html_file_suffix = None
# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
htmlhelp_basename = 'CorePostdoc'
# -- Options for LaTeX output --------------------------------------------------
latex_elements = {
# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
#'pointsize': '10pt',
# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
#'preamble': '',
}
# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
# (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]).
latex_documents = [
('index', 'CorePost.tex', u'CorePost Documentation',
u'Jacek Furmankiewicz', 'manual'),
]
# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
# the title page.
#latex_logo = None
# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
# not chapters.
#latex_use_parts = False
# If true, show page references after internal links.
#latex_show_pagerefs = False
# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
#latex_show_urls = False
# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
#latex_appendices = []
# If false, no module index is generated.
#latex_domain_indices = True
# -- Options for manual page output --------------------------------------------
# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
man_pages = [
('index', 'corepost', u'CorePost Documentation',
[u'Jacek Furmankiewicz'], 1)
]
# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
#man_show_urls = False
# -- Options for Texinfo output ------------------------------------------------
# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
# (source start file, target name, title, author,
# dir menu entry, description, category)
texinfo_documents = [
('index', 'CorePost', u'CorePost Documentation',
u'Jacek Furmankiewicz', 'CorePost', 'One line description of project.',
'Miscellaneous'),
]
# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
#texinfo_appendices = []
# If false, no module index is generated.
#texinfo_domain_indices = True
# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
Content types
=============
CorePost integrates support for JSON, YAML and XML (partially) based on request content types.
Parsing of incoming content
---------------------------
Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests,
the body will be automatically parsed to JSON, YAML and XML (ElementTree)
* request.json
* request.yaml
* request.xml
and attached to the request::
@route("/post/json",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_json(self,request,**kwargs):
return "%s" % json.dumps(request.json)
@route("/post/xml",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_xml(self,request,**kwargs):
return "%s" % ElementTree.tostring(request.xml)
@route("/post/yaml",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_yaml(self,request,**kwargs):
return "%s" % yaml.dump(request.yaml)
Converting Python objects to expected content type
--------------------------------------------------
Instead of returning string responses, the code can just return Python objects.
Depending whether the caller can accept JSON (default) or YAML, the Python objects will be automatically converted::
@route("/return/by/accept")
def test_return_content_by_accepts(self,request,**kwargs):
val = [{"test1":"Test1"},{"test2":"Test2"}]
return val
Calling this URL with "Accept: application/json" will return:
::
[{"test1": "Test1"}, {"test2": "Test2"}]
Calling it with "Accept: text/yaml" will return:
::
- {test1: Test1}
- {test2: Test2}
Filters
=======
There is support for CorePost resource filters via the two following *corepost.filter* interfaces::
class IRequestFilter(Interface):
"""Request filter interface"""
def filterRequest(self,request):
"""Allows to intercept and change an incoming request"""
pass
class IResponseFilter(Interface):
"""Response filter interface"""
def filterResponse(self,request,response):
"""Allows to intercept and change an outgoing response"""
pass
A filter class can implement either of them or both (for a wrap around filter), e.g.::
class AddCustomHeaderFilter():
"""Implements a request filter that adds a custom header to the incoming request"""
zope.interface.implements(IRequestFilter)
def filterRequest(self,request):
request.received_headers["Custom-Header"] = "Custom Header Value"
class Change404to503Filter():
"""Implements just a response filter that changes 404 to 503 statuses"""
zope.interface.implements(IResponseFilter)
def filterResponse(self,request,response):
if response.code == 404:
response.code = 503
class WrapAroundFilter():
"""Implements both types of filters in one class"""
zope.interface.implements(IRequestFilter,IResponseFilter)
def filterRequest(self,request):
request.received_headers["X-Wrap-Input"] = "Input"
def filterResponse(self,request,response):
response.headers["X-Wrap-Output"] = "Output"
In order to activate the filters on a RESTResource instance, you need to pass a list of them in the constructor as the *filters* parameter, e.g.::
class FilterApp:
@route("/",Http.GET)
def root(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers
def run_filter_app():
app = RESTResource(services=(FilterApp(),),filters=(Change404to503Filter(),AddCustomHeaderFilter(),WrapAroundFilter(),))
app.run(8083)
HTTP codes
==========
By default, CorePost returns the appropriate HTTP code based on the HTTP method:
Success:
* 200 (OK) - GET, DELETE, PUT
* 201 (Created) - POST
Errors:
* 404 - not able to match any URL.
* 400 - missing mandatory argument (driven from the arguments on the actual functions)
* 400 - argument failed validation
* 500 - server error
CorePost
====================================
A Twisted REST micro-framework
------------------------------
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 4
intro
Features
--------
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 4
url_routing
argument_parsing
arguments
content_types
filters
http_codes
async
modules
Introduction
============
What is CorePost?
-----------------
CorePost is a Python REST micro-framework. It is meant for building enterprise-grade REST server applications that provide
API services to other applications and/or a UI layer (coded in any framework or language).
More importantly, CorePost is an asynchronous I/O web framework (similar to Node.js).
Hence it relies on asynchronous I/O operations, which are extremely efficient, but somewhat more complicated to code.
Fortunately, CorePost does not create it's own async I/O library, but instead uses under the mature, well documented
and extremely well designed Twisted library, in particular its web layer (known simply as twisted.web)
Coupled with a JIT runtime like PyPy, this should give you the ability to develop REST server side applications
that will be extremely performant in production, yet (hopefully) fun and productive to develop.
What is Twisted?
----------------
Twisted is a very mature Python async I/O network toolkit:
http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/
Understanding core principles behind Twisted and its APIs is required (at least at a basic level) before coding any CorePost application.
Hence we recommend either reading the very thorough developer's guide:
http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/book.pdf
or the excellent Twisted tutorials from Dave Peticolas:
http://krondo.com/blog/?page_id=1327
In particular, understanding the core Twisted Deferred object (and its productive inline callback approach) are crucial
to productive usage of Twisted APIs for writing asynchronous web applications.
What does CorePost add on top of Twisted Web?
---------------------------------------------
Mostly productivity features that take of low-level plumbing such as:
* routing request to handler methods
* automatic parsing of JSON/YAML/XML input
* automatic conversion of Python objects and classes to JSON / YAML / XML formats
* simplified exception handling
* custom request / response filters
However, this is a very thin layer. Once you get to write some serious code that interacts with an external system (e.g. a SQL database)
you are writing a hard-code Twisted web application. CorePost is just there to make it easier for you and let you focus on business logic,
while letting it take care of common required plumbing. That's it.
A CorePost application is nothing more than a *twisted.web* application under the hood.
Why would I use CorePost instead of Node.js?
--------------------------------------------
As you develop more Twisted code, you will realize how its elegant and powerful *Deferred* object
(and especially inline callbacks) make developing *readable* asynchronous code much more pleasant than any other solution.
\ No newline at end of file
Modular REST applications
=========================
A typical case in REST is where you have parent/child resources (business entities), e.g.
::
Customer
Customer Address
Customer Phone
Customer Order
Customer Invoice
Customer Invoice Payment
etc.
This can create a URL structure like:
::
/customer
/customer/<customerId>
/customer/<customerId>/address
/customer/<customerId>/address/<addressId>
/customer/<customerId>/phone
/customer/<customerId>/phone/<phoneId>
/customer/<customerId>/invoice
/customer/<customerId>/invoice/<invoiceId>
/customer/<customerId>/invoice/<invoiceId>/payment
/customer/<customerId>/invoice/<invoiceId>/payment/<paymentId>
CorePost allows you to write small, modular classes that implement a REST service for just a single entity,
driven by URL paths with dynamic elements in them (e.g. the *customerId*, *invoiceId*, *paymentId* path parameters in the sample above).
You do not have to mesh all these different entities in a single class.
At the end, you wrap all of the different REST services in a single *RESTResource* object (which extends the regular Twisted Web Resource object)
and it takes care of routing the request to the appropriate class.
Here is a full-blown example of two REST services for Customer and Customer Address::
from corepost import Response, NotFoundException, AlreadyExistsException
from corepost.web import RESTResource, route, Http
class CustomerRESTService():
path = "/customer"
@route("/")
def getAll(self,request):
return DB.getAllCustomers()
@route("/<customerId>")
def get(self,request,customerId):
return DB.getCustomer(customerId)
@route("/",Http.POST)
def post(self,request,customerId,firstName,lastName):
customer = Customer(customerId, firstName, lastName)
DB.saveCustomer(customer)
return Response(201)
@route("/<customerId>",Http.PUT)
def put(self,request,customerId,firstName,lastName):
c = DB.getCustomer(customerId)
(c.firstName,c.lastName) = (firstName,lastName)
return Response(200)
@route("/<customerId>",Http.DELETE)
def delete(self,request,customerId):
DB.deleteCustomer(customerId)
return Response(200)
@route("/",Http.DELETE)
def deleteAll(self,request):
DB.deleteAllCustomers()
return Response(200)
class CustomerAddressRESTService():
path = "/customer/<customerId>/address"
@route("/")
def getAll(self,request,customerId):
return DB.getCustomer(customerId).addresses
@route("/<addressId>")
def get(self,request,customerId,addressId):
return DB.getCustomerAddress(customerId, addressId)
@route("/",Http.POST)
def post(self,request,customerId,addressId,streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode):
c = DB.getCustomer(customerId)
address = CustomerAddress(streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode)
c.addresses[addressId] = address
return Response(201)
@route("/<addressId>",Http.PUT)
def put(self,request,customerId,addressId,streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode):
address = DB.getCustomerAddress(customerId, addressId)
(address.streetNumber,address.streetName,address.stateCode,address.countryCode) = (streetNumber,streetName,stateCode,countryCode)
return Response(200)
@route("/<addressId>",Http.DELETE)
def delete(self,request,customerId,addressId):
DB.getCustomerAddress(customerId, addressId) #validate address exists
del(DB.getCustomer(customerId).addresses[addressId])
return Response(200)
@route("/",Http.DELETE)
def deleteAll(self,request,customerId):
c = DB.getCustomer(customerId)
c.addresses = {}
return Response(200)
def run_rest_app():
app = RESTResource((CustomerRESTService(),CustomerAddressRESTService()))
app.run(8080)
if __name__ == "__main__":
run_rest_app()
URL Routing
=================
@route decorator
----------------
Via a simple *@route* decorator you can automatically route *twisted.web* Request objects to your class method
based on URL (with dynamic paths), HTTP method, expected content type, etc::
from corepost.web import route, RESTResource
from corepost.enums import Http
class RESTService():
@route("/",Http.GET)
def root(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.path
@route("/test",Http.GET)
def test(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.path
@route("/test/<int:numericid>",Http.GET)
def test_get_resources(self,request,numericid,**kwargs):
return "%s" % numericid
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = RESTResource((RESTService,))
app.run()
*Note*:
This piece of code::
app.run()
is just for convenience when showing code samples and writing unit tests.
In a real production application you would use existing Twisted *twistd* functionality:
* http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/basics.html
* http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/application.html
* http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/core/howto/tap.html
Path argument extraction
------------------------
CorePort can easily extract path arguments from an URL and convert them to the desired type.
The supported types are:
* *int*
* *float*
* *string*
Example::
@route("/int/<int:intarg>/float/<float:floatarg>/string/<stringarg>",Http.GET)
def test(self,request,intarg,floatarg,stringarg,**kwargs):
pass
Routing requests by incoming content type
-----------------------------------------
Based on the incoming content type in POST/PUT requests, the *same* URL can be hooked up to different router methods::
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT),MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
def test_content_app_json(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers[HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE]
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT),(MediaType.TEXT_XML,MediaType.APPLICATION_XML))
def test_content_xml(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers[HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE]
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT),MediaType.TEXT_YAML)
def test_content_yaml(self,request,**kwargs):
return request.received_headers[HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE]
@route("/post/by/content",(Http.POST,Http.PUT))
def test_content_catch_all(self,request,**kwargs):
return MediaType.WILDCARD
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